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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for building embodied agents that ground perception and language into action. However, most existing approaches rely on direct action prediction, lacking the ability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Runze Li , Hongyin Zhang , Junxi Jin , Qixin Zeng , Zifeng Zhuang , Yiqi Tang , Shangke Lyu , Donglin Wang

Many dexterous manipulation tasks are non-markovian in nature, yet little attention has been paid to this fact in the recent upsurge of the vision-language-action (VLA) paradigm. Although they are successful in bringing internet-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sanjay Haresh , Daniel Dijkman , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Roland Memisevic

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable potential in visuomotor control and instruction comprehension through end-to-end learning processes. However, current VLA models face significant challenges: they are slow during…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the data scarcity challenge in robotics, enabling the development of generalizable visuomotor control policies. While models like OpenVLA showcase the potential…

Autonomous driving has long relied on modular "Perception-Decision-Action" pipelines, where hand-crafted interfaces and rule-based components often break down in complex or long-tailed scenarios. Their cascaded design further propagates…

Vision-language-action models have emerged as a crucial paradigm in robotic manipulation. However, existing VLA models exhibit notable limitations in handling ambiguous language instructions and unknown environmental states. Furthermore,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Helong Huang , Min Cen , Kai Tan , Xingyue Quan , Guowei Huang , Hong Zhang

Recent vision-language-action models (VLAs) build upon pretrained vision-language models and leverage diverse robot datasets to demonstrate strong task execution, language following ability, and semantic generalization. Despite these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Moo Jin Kim , Chelsea Finn , Percy Liang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promising ability in language-guided robotic tasks. However, making VLA policies reliable remains challenging, because a manipulation task is completed through closed-loop interaction, where each…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Peizheng Guo , Jingyao Wang , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel at robotic tasks by leveraging large-scale 2D vision-language pretraining, but their reliance on RGB images limits spatial reasoning critical for real-world interaction. Retraining these models with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Chengmeng Li , Junjie Wen , Yan Peng , Yaxin Peng , Feifei Feng , Yichen Zhu

Vision-language-action models must enable agents to execute long-horizon tasks under partial observability. However, most existing approaches remain observation-driven, relying on short context windows or repeated queries to vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Vaidehi Bagaria , Bijo Sebastian , Nirav Kumar Patel

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by unifying perception, reasoning, and control. To achieve such integration, recent studies adopt a predictive paradigm that models future visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yijie Zhu , Jie He , Rui Shao , Kaishen Yuan , Tao Tan , Xiaochen Yuan , Zitong Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Recently in robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling robots to execute complex tasks by integrating visual and linguistic inputs within an end-to-end learning framework. Despite their…

We introduce SOMA, the Spatial Memory framework for Out-of-Vision Manipulation in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Most existing VLAs implicitly assume that task-relevant objects are always visible, leading to brittle and reactive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Pengteng Li , Weiyu Guo , He Zhang , Tiefu Cai , Xiao He , Yandong Guo , Hui Xiong

Tactile feedback is generally recognized to be crucial for effective interaction with the physical world. However, state-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models lack the ability to interpret and use tactile signals, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jianxin Bi , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Ce Hao , Mike Zheng Shou , Harold Soh

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models built upon pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved significant improvements in robotic manipulation. However, current VLAs still suffer from low sample efficiency and limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shangchen Miao , Ningya Feng , Jialong Wu , Ye Lin , Xu He , Dong Li , Mingsheng Long

Most existing vision-language-action (VLA) models for robotic manipulation lack progress awareness, typically relying on hand-crafted heuristics for task termination. This limitation is particularly severe in long-horizon tasks involving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongyu Yan , Qiwei Li , Jiaolong Yang , Yadong Mu

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown potential in leveraging pretrained vision-language models and diverse robot demonstrations for learning generalizable sensorimotor control. While this paradigm effectively utilizes large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Qingqing Zhao , Yao Lu , Moo Jin Kim , Zipeng Fu , Zhuoyang Zhang , Yecheng Wu , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Song Han , Chelsea Finn , Ankur Handa , Ming-Yu Liu , Donglai Xiang , Gordon Wetzstein , Tsung-Yi Lin

We propose Bilateral Control-Based Imitation Learning via Vision-Language Fusion for Action Generation (Bi-VLA), a novel framework that extends bilateral control-based imitation learning to handle more than one task within a single model.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Masato Kobayashi , Thanpimon Buamanee

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic manipulation, leveraging large-scale pre-training to achieve strong performance. The field has rapidly evolved with additional spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuankai Luo , Woping Chen , Tong Liang , Baiqiao Wang , Zhenguo Li