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High-dimensional token embeddings underpin Large Language Models (LLMs), as they can capture subtle semantic information and significantly enhance the modelling of complex language patterns. However, this high dimensionality also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mingxue Xu , Yao Lei Xu , Danilo P. Mandic

Genetic programming is an often-used technique for symbolic regression: finding symbolic expressions that match data from an unknown function. To make the symbolic regression more efficient, one can also use dimensionally-aware genetic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Marko Durasevic , Domagoj Jakobovic , Marcella Scoczynski Ribeiro Martins , Stjepan Picek , Markus Wagner

Temporally indexed data are essential in a wide range of fields and of interest to machine learning researchers. Time series data, however, are often scarce or highly sensitive, which precludes the sharing of data between researchers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Alexander Nikitin , Letizia Iannucci , Samuel Kaski

In this paper, a nonlinear symbolic regression technique using an evolutionary algorithm known as multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) is applied for a data-driven modelling between the dependent and the independent variables. The…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-03-05 Indranil Pan , Daya Shankar Pandey , Saptarshi Das

Symbolic Regression tries to find a mathematical expression that describes the relationship of a set of explanatory variables to a measured variable. The main objective is to find a model that minimizes the error and, optionally, that also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca

Fitness landscapes in test-based program synthesis are known to be extremely rugged, with even minimal modifications of programs often leading to fundamental changes in their behavior and, consequently, fitness values. Relying on fitness as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Piotr Wyrwiński , Krzysztof Krawiec

Genetic Programming is an evolutionary algorithm that generates computer programs, or mathematical expressions, to solve complex problems. In this Guide, we demonstrate how to use Genetic Programming to develop surrogate models to mitigate…

Genetic Network Programming (GNP) is an evolutionary algorithm that extends Genetic Programming (GP). It is typically used in agent control problems. In contrast to GP, which employs a tree structure, GNP utilizes a directed graph…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ali Kohan , Mohamad Roshanzamir , Roohallah Alizadehsani

The study of the classifier's design and it's usage is one of the most important machine learning areas. With the development of automatic machine learning methods, various approaches are used to build a robust classifier model. Due to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Ivan Gridin

In recent years, genetic programming (GP)-based evolutionary feature construction has achieved significant success. However, a primary challenge with evolutionary feature construction is its tendency to overfit the training data, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Hengzhe Zhang , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Mengjie Zhang

Genetic Programming (GP) is known to suffer from the burden of being computationally expensive by design. While, over the years, many techniques have been developed to mitigate this issue, data vectorization, in particular, is arguably…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Francisco Baeta , João Correia , Tiago Martins , Penousal Machado

Temporal graph neural networks (TGNNs) outperform regular GNNs by incorporating time information into graph-based operations. However, TGNNs adopt specialized models (e.g., TGN, TGAT, and APAN ) and require tailored training frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Qiang Huang , Xiao Yan , Xin Wang , Susie Xi Rao , Zhichao Han , Fangcheng Fu , Wentao Zhang , Jiawei Jiang

Cartesian Genetic Programming has traditionally been using mutation as its main and often sole genetic operator to drive evolutionary search. Despite advancements in recent years, recombinationbased approaches have long been avoided, due to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Duy Long Tran , Anja Jankovic , Marie Anastacio , Holger Hoos , Roman Kalkreuth

A recent trend is to leverage machine learning models to improve the evolutionary design and optimization process. We propose a novel transformer-based mutation operator for Cartesian genetic programming (CGP) for the automated design of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ondrej Galeta , Lukas Sekanina

Genetic algorithm (GA) is an efficient tool for solving optimization problems by evolving solutions, as it mimics the Darwinian theory of natural evolution. The mutation operator is one of the key success factors in GA, as it is considered…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Esra'a Alkafaween , Ahmad B. A. Hassanat

Semantic sentence embedding models encode natural language sentences into vectors, such that closeness in embedding space indicates closeness in the semantics between the sentences. Bilingual data offers a useful signal for learning such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 John Wieting , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Evolutionary algorithms are increasingly recognised as a viable computational approach for the automated optimisation of deep neural networks (DNNs) within artificial intelligence. This method extends to the training of DNNs, an approach…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fergal Stapleton , Brendan Cody-Kenny , Edgar Galván

We analyse the search behaviour of genetic programming for symbolic regression in practically relevant but limited settings, allowing exhaustive enumeration of all solutions. This enables us to quantify the success probability of finding…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Gabriel Kronberger , Fabricio Olivetti de Franca , Harry Desmond , Deaglan J. Bartlett , Lukas Kammerer

Tensors, which give a faithful and effective representation to deliver the intrinsic structure of multi-dimensional data, play a crucial role in an increasing number of signal processing and machine learning problems. However, tensor data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Tong Wu

Symbolic regression (SR) is an area of interpretable machine learning that aims to identify mathematical expressions, often composed of simple functions, that best fit in a given set of covariates $X$ and response $y$. In recent years, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Sida Li , Ioana Marinescu , Sebastian Musslick
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