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We consider the problem of multiple agents sensing and acting in environments with the goal of maximising their shared utility. In these environments, agents must learn communication protocols in order to share information that is needed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Jakob N. Foerster , Yannis M. Assael , Nando de Freitas , Shimon Whiteson

In Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), specialized channels are often introduced that allow agents to communicate directly with one another. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach whereby agents communicate through an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Dianbo Liu , Vedant Shah , Oussama Boussif , Cristian Meo , Anirudh Goyal , Tianmin Shu , Michael Mozer , Nicolas Heess , Yoshua Bengio

Assistant AI agents should be capable of rapidly acquiring novel skills and adapting to new user preferences. Traditional frameworks like imitation learning and reinforcement learning do not facilitate this capability because they support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ruijie Zheng , Khanh Nguyen , Hal Daumé , Furong Huang , Karthik Narasimhan

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a promising research area that extends established reinforcement learning approaches to problems formulated as multi-agent systems. Recently, a multitude of communication methods have been introduced to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christoph Wittner

In different wireless network scenarios, multiple network entities need to cooperate in order to achieve a common task with minimum delay and energy consumption. Future wireless networks mandate exchanging high dimensional data in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Marwa Chafii , Salmane Naoumi , Reda Alami , Ebtesam Almazrouei , Mehdi Bennis , Merouane Debbah

We consider the problem of the limited-bandwidth communication for multi-agent reinforcement learning, where agents cooperate with the assistance of a communication protocol and a scheduler. The protocol and scheduler jointly determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Rundong Wang , Xu He , Runsheng Yu , Wei Qiu , Bo An , Zinovi Rabinovich

How do we know if communication is emerging in a multi-agent system? The vast majority of recent papers on emergent communication show that adding a communication channel leads to an increase in reward or task success. This is a useful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Ryan Lowe , Jakob Foerster , Y-Lan Boureau , Joelle Pineau , Yann Dauphin

Multi-agent collaboration has emerged as a pivotal paradigm for addressing complex, distributed tasks in large language model (LLM)-driven applications. While prior research has focused on high-level architectural frameworks, the granular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haochun Wang , Sendong Zhao , Jingbo Wang , Zewen Qiang , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Single-Agent (SA) Reinforcement Learning systems have shown outstanding re-sults on non-stationary problems. However, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL) can surpass SA systems generally and when scaling. Furthermore, MAsystems can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Philipp Dominic Siedler

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), effective communication improves agent performance, particularly under partial observability. We propose MARL-CPC, a framework that enables communication among fully decentralized, independent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Naoto Yoshida , Tadahiro Taniguchi

Optimizing the communication structure of large language model based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) has been shown to improve downstream performance and reduce token usage. Existing methods typically rely on randomly sampled training tasks.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Huchen Yang , Xinghao Dong , Dan Negrut , Jin-Long Wu

Learning communication strategies in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has recently attracted intensive attention. Early studies typically assumed a fully-connected communication topology among agents, which induces high…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Xuefeng Wang , Xinran Li , Jiawei Shao , Jun Zhang

Communication is a key component in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for mitigating partial observability, yet prior approaches often rely on inefficient information exchange or fail to transmit sufficient state information. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sangjun Bae , Yisak Park , Sanghyeon Lee , Seungyul Han

The multi-agent system (MAS) enables the sharing of capabilities among agents, such that collaborative tasks can be accomplished with high scalability and efficiency. MAS is increasingly widely applied in various fields. Meanwhile, the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Guojun He

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris

Conventional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods rely on time-triggered execution, where agents sample and communicate actions at fixed intervals. This approach is often computationally expensive and communication-intensive.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Umer Siddique , Abhinav Sinha , Yongcan Cao

Inter-agent communication serves as an effective mechanism for enhancing performance in collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL) systems. However, the inherent communication latency in practical systems induces both action…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Qian Zhang , Zhuo Sun , Yao Zhang , Zhiwen Yu , Bin Guo , Jun Zhang

In this work, we introduce a novel perspective, i.e., dimensional analysis, to address the challenge of communication efficiency in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Our findings reveal that simply optimizing the content and timing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chuxiong Sun , Peng He , Rui Wang , Changwen Zheng

Connected and autonomous vehicles across land, water, and air must often operate in dynamic, unpredictable environments with limited communication, no centralized control, and partial observability. These real-world constraints pose…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hung Du , Hy Nguyen , Srikanth Thudumu , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis