English
Related papers

Related papers: DoPE: Denoising Rotary Position Embedding

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) experience significant performance degradation when the input exceeds the pretraining context window, primarily due to the out-of-distribution (OOD) behavior of Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE). Recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Sikui Zhang , Guangze Gao , Ziyun Gan , Chunfeng Yuan , Zefeng Lin , Houwen Peng , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) due to its efficient encoding of relative positions with strong extrapolation capabilities. However, while its application in higher-dimensional input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haiping Liu , Lijing Lin , Jingyuan Sun , Zhegong Shangguan , Mauricio A. Alvarez , Hongpeng Zhou

The attention mechanism in a Transformer architecture matches key to query based on both content -- the what -- and position in a sequence -- the where. We present an analysis indicating that what and where are entangled in the popular RoPE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Anand Gopalakrishnan , Robert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Michael C. Mozer

Positional encoding plays a crucial role in transformers, significantly impacting model performance and length generalization. Prior research has introduced absolute positional encoding (APE) and relative positional encoding (RPE) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Chuanyang Zheng , Yihang Gao , Han Shi , Minbin Huang , Jingyao Li , Jing Xiong , Xiaozhe Ren , Michael Ng , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Yu Li

Despite the remarkable capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they still suffer from visual fading in long-context scenarios. Specifically, the attention to visual tokens diminishes as the text sequence lengthens, leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Lin Chen , Bolin Ni , Qi Yang , Zili Wang , Kun Ding , Ying Wang , Houwen Peng , Shiming Xiang

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models, but when applied to vision-language models (VLMs) it couples text and image position indices and can introduce spurious cross-modal relative-position bias. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chengcheng Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Hongguang Li , Yuchuan Tian , Ying Nie , Chang Xu , Kai Han

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress in handling long-context inputs, they still suffer from the ``lost-in-the-middle'' problem, where crucial information in the middle of the context is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zhenghua Wang , Yiran Ding , Changze Lv , Zhibo Xu , Tianlong Li , Tianyuan Shi , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Length extrapolation algorithms based on Rotary position embedding (RoPE) have shown promising results in extending the context length of language models. However, understanding how position embedding can capture longer-range contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xiangyu Hong , Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Transformer architectures rely on position encodings to model the spatial structure of input data. Rotary Position Encoding (RoPE) is a widely used method in language models that encodes relative positions through fixed, block-diagonal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Sophie Ostmeier , Brian Axelrod , Maya Varma , Michael E. Moseley , Akshay Chaudhari , Curtis Langlotz

We prove under practical assumptions that Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) introduces an intrinsic distance-dependent bias in attention scores that limits RoPE's ability to model long-context. RoPE extension methods may alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yu Wang , Sheng Shen , Rémi Munos , Hongyuan Zhan , Yuandong Tian

Rotary positional embeddings (RoPE) are widely used in large language models to encode token positions through multiplicative rotations, yet their behavior at long context lengths remains poorly characterized. In this work, we reinterpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Feilong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to have limited extrapolation ability beyond their pre-trained context window, constraining their application in downstream tasks with lengthy inputs. Recent studies have sought to extend LLMs' context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yikai Zhang , Junlong Li , Pengfei Liu

There are several improvements proposed over the baseline Absolute Positional Encoding (APE) method used in original transformer. In this study, we aim to investigate the implications of inadequately representing positional encoding in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Arpit Aggarwal

Addressing the limitation of context length in large language models for code-related tasks is the primary focus of this paper. Existing LLMs are constrained by their pre-trained context lengths, leading to performance issues in handling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Zhi Jin

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of position encoding in transformer architectures. By incorporating positional information, this approach provides essential guidance for modeling dependencies between elements across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Avinash Amballa

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is the de facto positional encoding in large language models due to its ability to encode relative positions and support length extrapolation. When adapted to vision transformers, the standard axial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haoyu Liu , Sucheng Ren , Tingyu Zhu , Peng Wang , Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Wang

The Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) mechanism has become a powerful enhancement to the Transformer architecture, which enables models to capture token relationships when encoding positional information. However, the RoPE mechanisms make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yang Cao , Jiayan Huo , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song

The extrapolation capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Rotary Position Embedding is currently a topic of considerable interest. The mainstream approach to addressing extrapolation with LLMs involves modifying RoPE by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Xiaoran Liu , Hang Yan , Shuo Zhang , Chenxin An , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

The attention mechanism is a critical component of Large Language Models (LLMs) that allows tokens in a sequence to interact with each other, but is order-invariant. Incorporating position encoding (PE) makes it possible to address by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Olga Golovneva , Tianlu Wang , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

We identify intrinsic limitations of Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) in Transformer-based long-context language models. Our theoretical analysis abstracts away from the specific content of the context and depends only on its length. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yufeng Du , Phillip Harris , Minyang Tian , Eliu A Huerta , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Aram Galstyan , Hao Peng