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Balancing training on long-tail data distributions remains a long-standing challenge in deep learning. While methods such as re-weighting and re-sampling help alleviate the imbalance issue, limited sample diversity continues to hinder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shizhen Zhao , Xin Wen , Jiahui Liu , Chuofan Ma , Chunfeng Yuan , Xiaojuan Qi

Federated Learning (FL) has become a popular distributed learning paradigm that involves multiple clients training a global model collaboratively in a data privacy-preserving manner. However, the data samples usually follow a long-tailed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Wenkai Yang , Deli Chen , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Deep classifiers have achieved great success in visual recognition. However, real-world data is long-tailed by nature, leading to the mismatch between training and testing distributions. In this paper, we show that the Softmax function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Jiawei Ren , Cunjun Yu , Shunan Sheng , Xiao Ma , Haiyu Zhao , Shuai Yi , Hongsheng Li

In the real-world setting, data often follows a long-tailed distribution, where head classes contain significantly more training samples than tail classes. Consequently, models trained on such data tend to be biased toward head classes. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Fan Zhang , Wei Qin , Weijieying Ren , Lei Wang , Zetong Chen , Richang Hong

Long-tailed data distributions pose challenges for a variety of domains like e-commerce, finance, biomedical science, and cyber security, where the performance of machine learning models is often dominated by head categories while tail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Haohui Wang , Weijie Guan , Jianpeng Chen , Zi Wang , Dawei Zhou

Training data for class-conditional image synthesis often exhibit a long-tailed distribution with limited images for tail classes. Such an imbalance causes mode collapse and reduces the diversity of synthesized images for tail classes. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Fang Chen , Alex Villa , Gongbo Liang , Xiaoyi Lu , Meng Tang

Despite impressive accuracy, deep neural networks are often miscalibrated and tend to overly confident predictions. Recent techniques like temperature scaling (TS) and label smoothing (LS) show effectiveness in obtaining a well-calibrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Mobarakol Islam , Lalithkumar Seenivasan , Hongliang Ren , Ben Glocker

Multi-label classification is a common supervised machine learning problem where each instance is associated with multiple classes. The key challenge in this problem is learning the correlations between the classes. An additional challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Divya Padmanabhan , Satyanath Bhat , Shirish Shevade , Y. Narahari

Model bias triggered by long-tailed data has been widely studied. However, measure based on the number of samples cannot explicate three phenomena simultaneously: (1) Given enough data, the classification performance gain is marginal with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Yuxin Li , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu

Medical image classification has been widely adopted in medical image analysis. However, due to the difficulty of collecting and labeling data in the medical area, medical image datasets are usually highly-imbalanced. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Zhixiong Yang , Junwen Pan , Yanzhan Yang , Xiaozhou Shi , Hong-Yu Zhou , Zhicheng Zhang , Cheng Bian

While long-tailed semi-supervised learning (LTSSL) has attracted growing attention in many real-world classification tasks, existing LTSSL algorithms typically assume that labeled and unlabeled data share nearly identical class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kai Gan , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang

In real-world data, long-tailed data distribution is common, making it challenging for models trained on empirical risk minimisation to learn and classify tail classes effectively. While many studies have sought to improve long tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Ziheng Wang , Toni Lassila , Sharib Ali

Long-tailed data bias decision boundaries toward head classes and degrade tail class accuracy. Diffusion-based generative augmentation address this problem by generating additional data, while head-to-tail transfer further mitigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiacheng Yang , Ruichi Zhang , Chikai Shang , Mengke Li , Xinyi Shang , Junlong Gao , Yonggang Zhang , Yang Lu

When trained with severely imbalanced data, deep neural networks often struggle to accurately recognize classes with only a few samples. Previous studies in long-tailed recognition have attempted to rebalance biased learning using known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Minseok Son , Inyong Koo , Jinyoung Park , Changick Kim

This paper introduces a two-stage framework designed to enhance long-tail class incremental learning, enabling the model to progressively learn new classes, while mitigating catastrophic forgetting in the context of long-tailed data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jayateja Kalla , Soma Biswas

Class imbalance problems frequently occur in real-world tasks, and conventional deep learning algorithms are well known for performance degradation on imbalanced training datasets. To mitigate this problem, many approaches have aimed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Sumyeong Ahn , Jongwoo Ko , Se-Young Yun

In real-world scenarios, data tends to exhibit a long-tailed distribution, which increases the difficulty of training deep networks. In this paper, we propose a novel self-paced knowledge distillation framework, termed Learning From…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Liuyu Xiang , Guiguang Ding , Jungong Han

The problem of class imbalanced data is that the generalization performance of the classifier deteriorates due to the lack of data from minority classes. In this paper, we propose a novel minority over-sampling method to augment diversified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Seulki Park , Youngkyu Hong , Byeongho Heo , Sangdoo Yun , Jin Young Choi

Computer vision tasks are traditionally defined and evaluated using semantic categories. However, it is known to the field that semantic classes do not necessarily correspond to a unique visual class (e.g. inside and outside of a car).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-05-27 Hossein Azizpour , Stefan Carlsson

For long-tailed classification, most works often pretrain a big model on a large-scale dataset, and then fine-tune the whole model for adapting to long-tailed data. Though promising, fine-tuning the whole pretrained model tends to suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Bowen Dong , Pan Zhou , Shuicheng Yan , Wangmeng Zuo