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Watermarking has been widely adopted for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to defend the unauthorized distribution. Unfortunately, the popular data-poisoning DNN watermarking scheme relies on target…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Run Wang , Jixing Ren , Boheng Li , Tianyi She , Chenhao Lin , Liming Fang , Jing Chen , Chao Shen , Lina Wang

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

Deepfake speech attribution remains challenging for existing solutions. Classifier-based solutions often fail to generalize to domain-shifted samples, and watermarking-based solutions are easily compromised by distortions like codec…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Wanying Ge , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi

Watermarking of language model outputs enables statistical detection of model-generated text, which can mitigate harms and misuses of language models. Existing watermarking strategies operate by altering the decoder of an existing language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Chenchen Gu , Xiang Lisa Li , Percy Liang , Tatsunori Hashimoto

With the development of deep learning, high-value and high-cost models have become valuable assets, and related intellectual property protection technologies have become a hot topic. However, existing model watermarking work in black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Na Zhao , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

This paper presents a traitor-tracing technique based on the watermarking of digital documents (\pdf{} files in particular). The watermarking algorithm uses a chain of three separate techniques that work in synergy. The embedded payload can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Fabrizio d'Amore , Alessandro Serpi

Latent-based diffusion model watermarking embeds watermarks into generated images' latent space to enable content attribution, offering a training-free solution for intellectual property protection and digital forensics. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiewei Lai , Lan Zhang , Chen Tang , Pengcheng Sun , Zhaopeng Zhang , Yunhao Wang , Hui Jin

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm allowing multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing their local data. However, FL entails exposing the model to various participants. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shuo Shao , Wenyuan Yang , Hanlin Gu , Zhan Qin , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang , Kui Ren

Latent diffusion models have exhibited considerable potential in generative tasks. Watermarking is considered to be an alternative to safeguard the copyright of generative models and prevent their misuse. However, in the context of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Liangqi Lei , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Being trained on large and vast datasets, visual foundation models (VFMs) can be fine-tuned for diverse downstream tasks, achieving remarkable performance and efficiency in various computer vision applications. The high computation cost of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov

With the widespread deployment of deep neural network (DNN) models, dynamic watermarking techniques are being used to protect the intellectual property of model owners. However, recent studies have shown that existing watermarking schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Brian Choi , Shu Wang , Isabelle Choi , Kun Sun

In response to the growing popularity of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to solve problems in various industries, various malicious groups have started to target such techniques in their attack plan. However, as ML models are constantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shahinul Hoque , Farhin Farhad Riya , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Sun

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Watermarking generative models consists of planting a statistical signal (watermark) in a model's output so that it can be later verified that the output was generated by the given model. A strong watermarking scheme satisfies the property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanlin Zhang , Benjamin L. Edelman , Danilo Francati , Daniele Venturi , Giuseppe Ateniese , Boaz Barak

The current work is focusing on the implementation of a robust watermarking algorithm for digital images, which is based on an innovative spread spectrum analysis algorithm for watermark embedding and on a content-based image retrieval…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Dimitrios K. Tsolis , Spyros Sioutas , Theodore S. Papatheodorou

Self-supervised learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm. Compared to supervised learning which leverages high-quality labeled datasets, self-supervised learning relies on unlabeled datasets to pre-train powerful encoders which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Yang Zhang

The vast amounts of digital content captured from the real world or AI-generated media necessitate methods for copyright protection, traceability, or data provenance verification. Digital watermarking serves as a crucial approach to address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Vitaliy Kinakh , Brian Pulfer , Yury Belousov , Pierre Fernandez , Teddy Furon , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Backdoor-based watermarking schemes were proposed to protect the intellectual property of artificial intelligence models, especially deep neural networks, under the black-box setting. Compared with ordinary backdoors, backdoor-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Fangqi Li , Shilin Wang , Yun Zhu

Federated Language Model (FedLM) allows a collaborative learning without sharing raw data, yet it introduces a critical vulnerability, as every untrustworthy client may leak the received functional model instance. Current watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haodong Zhao , Jinming Hu , Yijie Bai , Tian Dong , Wei Du , Zhuosheng Zhang , Yanjiao Chen , Haojin Zhu , Gongshen Liu

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih