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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models such as OpenVLA, Octo, and $\pi_0$ have shown strong generalization by leveraging large-scale demonstrations, yet their performance is still fundamentally constrained by the quality and coverage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mingyang Lyu , Yinqian Sun , Erliang Lin , Huangrui Li , Ruolin Chen , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Route planning for navigation under partial observability plays a crucial role in modern robotics and autonomous driving. Existing route planning approaches can be categorized into two main classes: traditional autoregressive and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Gengyu Zhang , Hao Tang , Yan Yan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) addresses the problem of learning a performant policy from a fixed batch of data collected by following some behavior policy. Model-based approaches are particularly appealing in the offline setting since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jihwan Jeong , Xiaoyu Wang , Michael Gimelfarb , Hyunwoo Kim , Baher Abdulhai , Scott Sanner

Diffusion models have been widely studied for removing unsafe content learned during pre-training. Existing methods require expensive supervised data, either unsafe-text paired with safe-image groundtruth or negative/positive image pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Komal Kumar , Ankan Deria , Abhishek Basu , Fahad Shamshad , Hisham Cholakkal , Karthik Nandakumar

Model-based offline reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach that leverages existing data effectively in many real-world applications, especially those involving high-dimensional inputs like images and videos. To alleviate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Shenghua Wan , Ziyuan Chen , Le Gan , Shuai Feng , De-Chuan Zhan

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers an attractive alternative to interactive data acquisition by leveraging pre-existing datasets. However, its effectiveness hinges on the quantity and quality of the data samples. This work explores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Wen Zheng Terence Ng , Jianda Chen , Tianwei Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning provides a viable approach to obtain advanced control strategies for dynamical systems, in particular when direct interaction with the environment is not available. In this paper, we introduce a conceptual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Marc Weber , Phillip Swazinna , Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Volkmar Sterzing

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models adapt large vision-language backbones to map images and instructions into robot actions. However, prevailing VLAs either generate actions auto-regressively in a fixed left-to-right order or attach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhixuan Liang , Yizhuo Li , Tianshuo Yang , Chengyue Wu , Sitong Mao , Tian Nian , Liuao Pei , Shunbo Zhou , Xiaokang Yang , Jiangmiao Pang , Yao Mu , Ping Luo

Safe and effective motion planning is crucial for autonomous robots. Diffusion models excel at capturing complex agent interactions, a fundamental aspect of decision-making in dynamic environments. Recent studies have successfully applied…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Giwon Lee , Daehee Park , Jaewoo Jeong , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is successful for alignment in LLMs but still faces challenges in text-to-image generation. Existing studies are confined to denoising diffusion models while overlooking flow-matching, and suffer from an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kesong Li , Yixuan Xu , Kuo-kun Tseng , Weiyi Lu , Kan Liu , Tao Lan

This work introduces DiffuseLoco, a framework for training multi-skill diffusion-based policies for dynamic legged locomotion from offline datasets, enabling real-time control of diverse skills on robots in the real world. Offline learning…

In this work, we focus on the alignment problem of diffusion models with a continuous reward function, which represents specific objectives for downstream tasks, such as increasing darkness or improving the aesthetics of images. The central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Zhiwei Tang , Jiangweizhi Peng , Jiasheng Tang , Mingyi Hong , Fan Wang , Tsung-Hui Chang

Safe offline RL is a promising way to bypass risky online interactions towards safe policy learning. Most existing methods only enforce soft constraints, i.e., constraining safety violations in expectation below thresholds predetermined.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yinan Zheng , Jianxiong Li , Dongjie Yu , Yujie Yang , Shengbo Eben Li , Xianyuan Zhan , Jingjing Liu

Diffusion policy sampling enables reinforcement learning (RL) to represent multimodal action distributions beyond suboptimal unimodal Gaussian policies. However, existing diffusion-based RL methods primarily focus on offline settings for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xiaoyuan Cheng , Wenxuan Yuan , Boyang Li , Yuanchao Xu , Yiming Yang , Hao Liang , Bei Peng , Robert Loftin , Zhuo Sun , Yukun Hu

Decision-making under distribution shift is a central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), where training and deployment environments differ. We study this problem through the lens of robust Markov decision processes (RMDPs), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jingwen Gu , Yiting He , Zhishuai Liu , Pan Xu

Diffusion strategies have advanced visual motor control by progressively denoising high-dimensional action sequences, providing a promising method for robot manipulation. However, as task complexity increases, the success rate of existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Weize Xie , Yi Ding , Ying He , Leilei Wang , Binwen Bai , Zheyi Zhao , Chenyang Wang , F. Richard Yu

The online 3D bin packing problem is important in logistics, warehousing and intelligent manufacturing, with solutions shifting to deep reinforcement learning (DRL) which faces challenges like low sample efficiency. This paper proposes a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jie Han , Tong Li , Qingyang Xu , Yong Song , Bao Pang , Xianfeng Yuan

Diffusion has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling, achieving remarkable success in applications such as image and audio synthesis. Enlightened by this progress, we propose a novel diffusion-based approach for symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zachary Bastiani , Robert M. Kirby , Jacob Hochhalter , Shandian Zhe

In offline reinforcement learning, it is necessary to manage out-of-distribution actions to prevent overestimation of value functions. One class of methods, the policy-regularized method, addresses this problem by constraining the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Linjiajie Fang , Ruoxue Liu , Jing Zhang , Wenjia Wang , Bing-Yi Jing

Diffusion models have seen rapid adoption in robotic imitation learning, enabling autonomous execution of complex dexterous tasks. However, action synthesis is often slow, requiring many steps of iterative denoising, limiting the extent to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sigmund H. Høeg , Yilun Du , Olav Egeland