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In machine learning, training data often capture the behaviour of multiple subgroups of some underlying human population. When the amounts of training data for the subgroups are not controlled carefully, under-representation bias arises. We…

Fairness in medical agents is becoming critical as tool-using clinical AI systems orchestrate specialized vision and language modules for tasks such as chest X-ray question answering. While these medical AI agents can improve flexibility,…

Fairness holds a pivotal role in the realm of machine learning, particularly when it comes to addressing groups categorised by protected attributes, e.g., gender, race. Prevailing algorithms in fair learning predominantly hinge on…

Deepfake detection models face two critical challenges: generalization to unseen manipulations and demographic fairness among population groups. However, existing approaches often demonstrate that these two objectives are inherently…

Ensuring fairness has emerged as one of the primary concerns in AI and its related algorithms. Over time, the field of machine learning fairness has evolved to address these issues. This paper provides an extensive overview of this field…

Fairness is a fundamental requirement for trustworthy and human-centered Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) tend to make unfair predictions when the training data are collected from different…

Portable CT scanners enable early stroke detection in prehospital and low-resource settings but require reduced radiation doses, introducing noise that degrades diagnostic reliability. We present a deep learning framework for stroke…

Predictive models learned from historical data are widely used to help companies and organizations make decisions. However, they may digitally unfairly treat unwanted groups, raising concerns about fairness and discrimination. In this…

Fair graph clustering is crucial for ensuring equitable representation and treatment of diverse communities in network analysis. Traditional methods often ignore disparities among social, economic, and demographic groups, perpetuating…

Graph representation learning has become a ubiquitous component in many scenarios, ranging from social network analysis to energy forecasting in smart grids. In several applications, ensuring the fairness of the node (or graph)…

Many existing group fairness-aware training methods aim to achieve the group fairness by either re-weighting underrepresented groups based on certain rules or using weakly approximated surrogates for the fairness metrics in the objective as…

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in automated disease classification significantly reduces healthcare costs and improves the accessibility of services. However, this transformation has given rise to concerns about the fairness of AI,…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made significant progress, but often suffer from fairness issues, as deep models typically show distinct accuracy differences among certain subgroups (e.g., males and females). Existing research addresses…

Frequency estimation in streaming data often relies on sketches like Count-Min (CM) to provide approximate answers with sublinear space. However, CM sketches introduce additive errors that disproportionately impact low-frequency elements,…

We present a new data-driven model of fairness that, unlike existing static definitions of individual or group fairness is guided by the unfairness complaints received by the system. Our model supports multiple fairness criteria and takes…

Fairness and accountability are two essential pillars for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare. However, the existing AI model may be biased in its decision marking. To tackle this issue, we propose an adversarial…

Fairness-aware domain generalization (FairDG) has emerged as a critical challenge for deploying trustworthy AI systems, particularly in scenarios involving distribution shifts. Traditional methods for addressing fairness have failed in…

Discrimination has been shown in many machine learning applications, which calls for sufficient fairness testing before their deployment in ethic-relevant domains such as face recognition, medical diagnosis and criminal sentence. Existing…

As machine learning models become increasingly integrated into healthcare, structural inequities and social biases embedded in clinical data can be perpetuated or even amplified by data-driven models. In survival analysis, censoring and…

Algorithmic fairness has emerged as an important consideration when using machine learning to make high-stakes societal decisions. Yet, improved fairness often comes at the expense of model accuracy. While aspects of the fairness-accuracy…