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The basic building blocks of many forms of optical topologies are particle-like singularities in phase and polarisation, giving rise to lines of darkness that weave complex threads in 3D space. Although known for half a century since…
Vortex filament model has become a standard and powerful tool to visualize the motion of quantized vortices in helium superfluids. In this article, we present an overview of the method and highlight its impact in aiding our understanding of…
Structured light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), such as Laguerre-Gaussian modes, are promising tools for high-capacity optical communications and advanced biomedical imaging. However, multiple scattering in turbid media…
Atmospheric turbulence degrades the performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication and remote sensing systems by introducing phase and intensity distortions. While a majority of research focuses on mitigating these effects to ensure…
Topology, which originated as a mathematical discipline, nowadays advances the understanding of many branches of science and technology from elementary particle physics and cosmology to condensed matter physics. In optics, the topology of…
Structured light with customized complex topological pattern inspires diverse classical and quantum investigations underpinned by accurate detection techniques. However, the current detection schemes are limited to vortex beam with simple…
Structured light offers a promising solution for the increasing data demands of modern optical networks, opening up new degrees of freedom that can be leveraged for greater channel capacity and more bits per photon. However, its…
Orbital angular momentum (OAM), a topological degree of freedom of light, is theoretically invariant under continuous deformations; yet, its physical observability degrades precipitously in complex media, creating a fundamental…
The influence of atmospheric turbulence on acquired surveillance imagery poses significant challenges in image interpretation and scene analysis. Conventional approaches for target classification and tracking are less effective under such…
Deep learning provides a versatile suite of methods for extracting structured information from complex datasets, enabling deeper understanding of underlying fluid dynamic phenomena. The field of turbulence modeling, in particular, benefits…
Engineering design and scientific analysis rely upon computer simulations of turbulent fluid flows using turbulence models. These turbulence models are empirical and approximate, leading to large uncertainties in their predictions that…
By means of the variational method and numerical simulations, we demonstrate the existence of stable 3D nonlinear modes, viz. vortex ``bullets'', in the form of pulsed beams carrying orbital angular momentum, that can self-trap in a 2D…
We introduce a novel approach to the three-dimensional reconstruction of superfluid vortex filaments using deep convolutional neural networks. Superfluid vortices, quantum mechanical phenomena of immense scientific interest, are challenging…
We experimentally explore the rich variety of nonlinear coherent structures arising in a turbulent flow of superfluid light past an obstacle in an all-optical configuration. The different hydrodynamic regimes observed are organised in a…
While deep learning has shown tremendous success in a wide range of domains, it remains a grand challenge to incorporate physical principles in a systematic manner to the design, training, and inference of such models. In this paper, we aim…
Prediction and discovery of new materials with desired properties are at the forefront of quantum science and technology research. A major bottleneck in this field is the computational resources and time complexity related to finding new…
Orbital angular momentum of light is regarded as a valuable resource in quantum technology, especially in quantum communication and quantum sensing and ranging. However, the OAM state of light is susceptible to undesirable experimental…
Because of the unlimited range of state space, orbital angular momentum (OAM) as a new degree of freedom of light has attracted great attention in optical communication field. Recently there are a number of researches applying deep learning…
Optical aberrations have been studied for centuries, placing fundamental limits on the achievable resolution in focusing and imaging. In the context of structured light, the spatial pattern is distorted in amplitude and phase, often arising…
Structured light is routinely used in free space optical communication channels, both classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for increased bandwidth. Unlike polarisation, the spatial…