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The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a large scale description of the traffic in a urban area and relates the average car flow to the average car density. This MFD has been observed empirically in several cities but how its…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-14 Erwan Taillanter , Andreas Schadschneider , Marc Barthelemy

Traffic congestion is one of the most notable problems arising in worldwide urban areas, importantly compromising human mobility and air quality. Current technologies to sense real-time data about cities, and its open distribution for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-30 Albert Solé-Ribalta , Sergio Gómez , Alex Arenas

Urbanization leads to an increase of traffic in cities. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) suggests to describe urban traffic at a zonal level, in order to measure and control traffic. However, for a proper estimation, all data needs…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-14 Victor L. Knoop , Marianthi Mermygka , Hans van Lint

The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram is a popular tool used to describe traffic dynamics in an aggregated way, with applications ranging from traffic control to incident analysis. However, estimating the MFD for a given network requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Amalie Roark , Serio Agriesti , Francisco Camara Pereira , Guido Cantelmo

Despite the importance of urban traffic flows, there are only a few theoretical approaches to determine fundamental relationships between macroscopic traffic variables such as the traffic density, the utilization, the average velocity, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Dirk Helbing

This paper presents a macroscopic fundamental diagram model with volume-delay relationship (MFD-VD) for road traffic networks, by exploring two new data sources: license plate cameras (LPCs) and road congestion indices (RCIs). We derive a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-09 Ke Han , Tao Huang , Wenbo Fan , Qian Ge , Shihui Dong , Xuting Wang

Traditional DTA models of large cities suffer from prohibitive computation times and calibration/validation can become major challenges faced by practitioners. The empirical evidence in 2008 in support of the existence of a Macroscopic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Rafegh Aghamohammadi , Jorge A. Laval

Traffic congestion at intersections is a significant issue in urban areas, leading to increased commute times, safety hazards, and operational inefficiencies. This study aims to develop a predictive model for congestion at intersections in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Tara Kelly , Jessica Gupta

Transportation is a major contributor to CO2 emissions, making it essential to optimize traffic networks to reduce energy-related emissions. This paper presents a novel approach to traffic network control using Differentiable Predictive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Renukanandan Tumu , Wenceslao Shaw Cortez , Ján Drgoňa , Draguna L. Vrabie , Sonja Glavaski

As urbanization advances, cities are expanding, leading to a more decentralized urban structure and longer average commuting durations. The construction of an urban expressway system emerges as a critical strategy to tackle this challenge.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Yunran Di , Weihua Zhang , Haotian Shi , Heng Ding , Jinbiao Huo , Bin Ran

Urban traffic congestion significantly impacts regional air quality and contributes substantially to pollutant emissions. Suburban freeway corridors are a major source of traffic-related emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx) and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Alexander Hammerl , Ravi Seshadri , Thomas Kjær Rasmussen , Otto Anker Nielsen

Urban traffic management is essential for reducing congestion and supporting sustainable mobility. However, the task is becoming more challenging due to the growing penetration of electric vehicles and their charging demands. This paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Yixun Wen , Stelios Timotheou , Boli Chen

In this paper, we aim at developing new methods to join machine learning techniques and macroscopic differential models for vehicular traffic estimation and forecast. It is well known that data-driven and model-driven approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Maya Briani , Emiliano Cristiani , Elia Onofri

Air pollution can be studied in the urban structure regulated by transport networks. Transport networks can be studied as geometric and topological graph characteristics through designed models. Current studies do not offer a comprehensive…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-03 Nan Xu

Traffic prediction is one of the key elements to ensure the safety and convenience of citizens. Existing traffic prediction models primarily focus on deep learning architectures to capture spatial and temporal correlation. They often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Sumin Han , Youngjun Park , Minji Lee , Jisun An , Dongman Lee

With the progress of the urbanisation process, the urban transportation system is extremely critical to the development of cities and the quality of life of the citizens. Among them, it is one of the most important tasks to judge traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Bodong Zhou , Jiahui Liu , Songyi Cui , Yaping Zhao

Using a stochastic cellular automaton model for urban traffic flow, we study and compare Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs) of arterial road networks governed by different types of adaptive traffic signal systems, under various…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2013-02-19 Lele Zhang , Timothy M. Garoni , Jan de Gier

The rapid urbanization and increasing traffic have serious social, economic, and environmental impact on metropolitan areas worldwide. It is of a great importance to understand the complex interplay of road networks and traffic conditions.…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Weizi Li , Meilei Jiang , Yaoyu Chen , Ming C. Lin

In large-scale traffic optimization, models based on Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) are recognized for their efficiency in broad network analyses. However, they fail to reflect variations in the individual traffic status of each road…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhixiong Jin , Dimitrios Tsitsokas , Nikolas Geroliminis , Ludovic Leclercq

Mitigating traffic congestion on urban roads, with paramount importance in urban development and reduction of energy consumption and air pollution, depends on our ability to foresee road usage and traffic conditions pertaining to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-27 Jingyuan Wang , Yu Mao , Jing Li , Chao Li , Zhang Xiong , Wen-Xu Wang
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