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Traditional evolutionary game theory describes how certain strategy spreads throughout the system where individual player imitates the most successful strategy among its neighborhood. Accordingly, player doesn't have own authority to change…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2016-04-14 Sundong Kim , Jin-Jae Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Strategic decision-making in multi-agent settings is a key challenge for large language models (LLMs), particularly when coordination and negotiation must unfold over extended conversations. While recent work has explored the use of LLMs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Victor Conchello Vendrell , Max Ruiz Luyten , Mihaela van der Schaar

System prompts in Large Language Models (LLMs) are predefined directives that guide model behaviour, taking precedence over user inputs in text processing and generation. LLM deployers increasingly use them to ensure consistent responses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Anna Neumann , Elisabeth Kirsten , Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Jatinder Singh

AI agent development relies heavily on natural language prompting to define agents' tasks, knowledge, and goals. These prompts are interpreted by Large Language Models (LLMs), which govern agent behavior. Consequently, agentic performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Roi Ben-Gigi , Yuval David , Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Segev Shlomov

The rapid advancement of LLMs sparked significant interest in their potential to augment or automate managerial functions. One of the most recent trends in AI benchmarking is performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) over longer time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Berdymyrat Ovezmyradov

As LLM-based agents become increasingly autonomous and will more freely interact with each other, studying the interplay among them becomes crucial to anticipate emergent phenomena and potential risks. In this work, we provide an in-depth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Gian Maria Campedelli , Nicolò Penzo , Massimo Stefan , Roberto Dessì , Marco Guerini , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano

The development and popularization of large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns that they will be used to create tailor-made, convincing arguments to push false or misleading narratives online. Early work has found that language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Francesco Salvi , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Riccardo Gallotti , Robert West

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of multi-agent systems where LLMs interact, collaborate, and make decisions in shared environments. While individual model behavior has been extensively studied,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Young-Min Cho , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Lyle Ungar

We explore the idea of aligning an AI assistant by inverting a model of users' (unknown) preferences from observed interactions. To validate our proposal, we run proof-of-concept simulations in the economic ultimatum game, formalizing user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Jan-Philipp Fränken , Sam Kwok , Peixuan Ye , Kanishk Gandhi , Dilip Arumugam , Jared Moore , Alex Tamkin , Tobias Gerstenberg , Noah D. Goodman

We study the repeated principal-agent bandit game, where the principal indirectly interacts with the unknown environment by proposing incentives for the agent to play arms. Most existing work assumes the agent has full knowledge of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Junyan Liu , Lillian J. Ratliff

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred a surge of interest in leveraging these models for game-theoretical simulations, where LLMs act as individual agents engaging in social interactions. This study explores the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ilya Horiguchi , Takahide Yoshida , Takashi Ikegami

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities across mathematical, strategic, and linguistic tasks, yet little is known about how well they reason in dynamic, real-time, multi-agent scenarios, such as collaborative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shaurya Mallampati , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

We propose the use of Agent Based Models (ABMs) inside a reinforcement learning framework in order to better understand the relationship between automated decision making tools, fairness-inspired statistical constraints, and the social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Efrén Cruz Cortés , Debashis Ghosh

To achieve desirable performance, current AI systems often require huge amounts of training data. This is especially problematic in domains where collecting data is both expensive and time-consuming, e.g., where AI systems require having…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ardavan S. Nobandegani , Thomas R. Shultz , Irina Rish

Large Language Models' (LLMs) programming capabilities enable their participation in open-source games: a game-theoretic setting in which players submit computer programs in lieu of actions. These programs offer numerous advantages,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Swadesh Sistla , Max Kleiman-Weiner

We study behavioral self-awareness -- an LLM's ability to articulate its behaviors without requiring in-context examples. We finetune LLMs on datasets that exhibit particular behaviors, such as (a) making high-risk economic decisions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jan Betley , Xuchan Bao , Martín Soto , Anna Sztyber-Betley , James Chua , Owain Evans

Humans rapidly learn abstract knowledge when encountering novel environments and flexibly deploy this knowledge to guide efficient and intelligent action. Can modern AI systems learn and plan in a similar way? We study this question using a…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain agentic abilities, they will have to navigate complex multi-agent scenarios, interacting with human users and other agents in cooperative and competitive settings. This will require new reasoning skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Andrei Lupu , Timon Willi , Jakob Foerster

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as judges to evaluate agent performance, particularly in non-verifiable settings where judgments rely on agent trajectories including chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. This paradigm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Muhammad Khalifa , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Jaekyeom Kim , Sungryull Sohn , Yunxiang Zhang , Moontae Lee , Hao Peng , Lu Wang , Honglak Lee