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As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increasingly assume consequential decision-making roles, a widening gap has emerged between technical capabilities and institutional accountability. Ethical guidance alone is insufficient to counter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Byeong Ho Kang , Wenli Yang , Muhammad Bilal Amin

In this paper, we cover approaches to systematically govern, assess and quantify bias across the complete life cycle of machine learning models, from initial development and validation to ongoing production monitoring and guardrail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Alok Abhishek , Lisa Erickson , Tushar Bandopadhyay

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

This paper develops a control-theoretic framework for analyzing agentic systems embedded within feedback control loops, where an AI agent may adapt controller parameters, select among control strategies, invoke external tools, reconfigure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Ali Eslami , Jiangbo Yu

Developing autonomous agents for web-based tasks is a core challenge in AI. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents can interpret complex user requests, they often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to diagnose why they fail or how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Orit Shahnovsky , Rotem Dror

A critical limitation in large-scale multi-agent systems is the cascading of errors. And without intermediate verification, downstream agents exacerbate upstream inaccuracies, resulting in significant quality degradation. To bridge this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Churong Liang , Jinling Gan , Kairan Hong , Qiushi Tian , Zongze Wu , Runnan Li

AI is transforming the existing technology landscape at a rapid phase enabling data-informed decision making and autonomous decision making. Unlike any other technology, because of the decision-making ability of AI, ethics and governance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mahendra Samarawickrama

Language agents have become a promising solution to complex interactive tasks. One of the key ingredients to the success of language agents is the reward model on the trajectory of the agentic workflow, which provides valuable guidance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zongyu Lin , Yao Tang , Xingcheng Yao , Da Yin , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Kai-Wei Chang

Despite efforts to mitigate the inherent risks and biases of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, these algorithms can disproportionately impact culturally marginalized groups. A range of approaches has been proposed to address or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Rashid Mushkani , Hugo Berard , Toumadher Ammar , Cassandre Chatonnier , Shin Koseki

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated research on automated optimization modeling. While real-world decision-making is inherently uncertain, most existing work has focused on deterministic optimization with known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 WenZhuo Zhu , Zheng Cui , Wenhan Lu , Sheng Liu , Yue Zhao

It is likely that AI systems driven by pre-trained language models (PLMs) will increasingly be used to assist humans in high-stakes interactions with other agents, such as negotiation or conflict resolution. Consistent with the goals of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Alan Chan , Maxime Riché , Jesse Clifton

The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the public and private sectors has resulted in them significantly impacting the lives of people in new and unexpected ways. In this context, it becomes important to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ambreesh Parthasarathy , Aditya Phalnikar , Ameen Jauhar , Dhruv Somayajula , Gokul S Krishnan , Balaraman Ravindran

Most existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent frameworks rely on centralized orchestration, incurring high deployment costs, rigid communication topologies, and limited adaptability. To address these challenges, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ji Wang , Kashing Chen , Xinyuan Song , Ke Zhang , Lynn Ai , Eric Yang , Bill Shi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, offering powerful tools for innovation. Yet its rapid integration raises urgent ethical concerns related to data ownership, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aasish Kumar Sharma , Dimitar Kyosev , Julian Kunkel

Astrophysics forms a cornerstone of human curiosity and has revolutionised our understanding of the Universe. However, conventional academic structures often hinder collaboration, transparency, and discovery. We present COOL Research DAO, a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-27 Mélanie Chevance , J. M. Diederik Kruijssen , Steven N. Longmore

In AI-assisted decision-making, humans often passively review AI's suggestion and decide whether to accept or reject it as a whole. In such a paradigm, humans are found to rarely trigger analytical thinking and face difficulties in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Shuai Ma , Qiaoyi Chen , Xinru Wang , Chengbo Zheng , Zhenhui Peng , Ming Yin , Xiaojuan Ma

This position paper argues that the prevailing trajectory toward ever larger, more expensive generalist foundation models controlled by a handful of companies limits innovation and constrains progress. We challenge this approach by…

When engaging in strategic decision-making, we are frequently confronted with overwhelming information and data. The situation can be further complicated when certain pieces of evidence contradict each other or become paradoxical. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Caesar Wu , Yuan-Fang Li , Jian Li , Jingjing Xu , Bouvry Pascal

With artificial intelligence (AI) being applied to bring autonomy to decision-making in safety-critical domains such as the ones typified in the aerospace and emergency-response services, there has been a call to address the ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Julian Gerald Dcruz , Argyrios Zolotas , Niall Ross Greenwood , Miguel Arana-Catania

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) face growing challenges in managing cybersecurity threats due to an overwhelming volume of alerts, a shortage of skilled analysts, and poorly integrated tools. Human-AI collaboration offers a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Massimiliano Albanese , Xinming Ou , Kevin Lybarger , Daniel Lende , Dmitry Goldgof