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Since most machine learning (ML) algorithms are designed for numerical inputs, efficiently encoding categorical variables is a crucial aspect in data analysis. A common problem are high cardinality features, i.e. unordered categorical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-07 Florian Pargent , Florian Pfisterer , Janek Thomas , Bernd Bischl

The minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion has been verified as a powerful approach for non-Gaussian signal processing and robust machine learning. However, the implementation of MEE on robust classification is rather a vacancy in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yuanhao Li , Badong Chen , Natsue Yoshimura , Yasuharu Koike

Correctly dealing with categorical data in a supervised learning context is still a major issue. Furthermore, though some machine learning methods embody builtin methods to deal with categorical features, it is unclear whether they bring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 François de la Bourdonnaye , Fabrice Daniel

Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) are off-the-shelf techniques in modern Statistics and Machine Learning. CARTs are traditionally built by means of a greedy procedure, sequentially deciding the splitting predictor variable(s) and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-25 Rafael Blanquero , Emilio Carrizosa , Cristina Molero-Río , Dolores Romero Morales

Decision trees with binary splits are popularly constructed using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) methodology. For binary classification and regression models, this approach recursively divides the data into two near-homogenous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-17 Jason M. Klusowski

Tree-based regression models are widely used in supervised learning, with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm serving as a standard reference. CART construction involves solving a sequence of split-selection optimization…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-08 Iro René Kouarfate , Maxime Dion , Anne MacKay , Mathieu Pigeon

The split-inference paradigm divides an artificial intelligence (AI) model into two parts. This necessitates the transfer of intermediate feature data between the two halves. Here, effective compression of the feature data becomes vital. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Md Eimran Hossain Eimon , Hyomin Choi , Fabien Racapé , Mateen Ulhaq , Velibor Adzic , Hari Kalva , Borko Furht

Categorical encoders transform categorical features into numerical representations that are indispensable for a wide range of machine learning models. Existing encoder benchmark studies lack generalizability because of their limited choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Federico Matteucci , Vadim Arzamasov , Klemens Boehm

A core step of every algorithm for learning regression trees is the selection of the best splitting variable from the available covariates and the corresponding split point. Early tree algorithms (e.g., AID, CART) employed greedy search…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-26 Lisa Schlosser , Torsten Hothorn , Achim Zeileis

Unsupervised hashing methods have attracted widespread attention with the explosive growth of large-scale data, which can greatly reduce storage and computation by learning compact binary codes. Existing unsupervised hashing methods attempt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Huibing Wang , Mingze Yao , Guangqi Jiang , Zetian Mi , Xianping Fu

Most existing methods for unsupervised industrial anomaly detection train a separate model for each object category. This kind of approach can easily capture the category-specific feature distributions, but results in high storage cost and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Jiangqi Liu , Feng Wang

Policymakers often use recursive binary split rules to partition populations based on binary outcomes and target subpopulations whose probability of the binary event exceeds a threshold. We call such problems Latent Probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-03 Lei Bill Wang , Zhenbang Jiao , Fangyi Wang

Computing an optimal classification tree that provably maximizes training performance within a given size limit, is NP-hard, and in practice, most state-of-the-art methods do not scale beyond computing optimal trees of depth three.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Catalin E. Brita , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Emir Demirović

Recursive partitioning approaches producing tree-like models are a long standing staple of predictive modeling, in the last decade mostly as ``sub-learners'' within state of the art ensemble methods like Boosting and Random Forest. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-14 Amichai Painsky , Saharon Rosset

Regression problems have been widely studied in machinelearning literature resulting in a plethora of regression models and performance measures. However, there are few techniques specially dedicated to solve the problem of how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Carlos Mougan , David Masip , Jordi Nin , Oriol Pujol

Image segmentation is a critical step in computer vision tasks constituting an essential issue for pattern recognition and visual interpretation. In this paper, we propose a new stopping criterion for the mean shift iterative algorithm by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-06-12 Yasel Garcés Suárez , Esley Torres , Osvaldo Pereira , Claudia Pérez , Roberto Rogríguez

Decision trees with binary splits are popularly constructed using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) methodology. For regression models, this approach recursively divides the data into two near-homogenous daughter nodes according to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-20 Jason M. Klusowski

Clustering evaluation measures are frequently used to evaluate the performance of algorithms. However, most measures are not properly normalized and ignore some information in the inherent structure of clusterings. We model the relation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-09-05 Qiaoliang Xiang , Qi Mao , Kian Ming Chai , Hai Leong Chieu , Ivor Tsang , Zhendong Zhao

Decision trees are among the most popular machine learning models and are used routinely in applications ranging from revenue management and medicine to bioinformatics. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning optimal binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

Risk bounds for Classification and Regression Trees (CART, Breiman et. al. 1984) classifiers are obtained under a margin condition in the binary supervised classification framework. These risk bounds are obtained conditionally on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-06-27 Servane Gey
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