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In the ever-evolving field of Artificial Intelligence, a critical challenge has been to decipher the decision-making processes within the so-called "black boxes" in deep learning. Over recent years, a plethora of methods have emerged,…

Strategies based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence - XAI have emerged in computing to promote a better understanding of predictions made by black box models. Most XAI measures used today explain these types of models, generating…

Utilizing potent representations of the large vision-language models (VLMs) to accomplish various downstream tasks has attracted increasing attention. Within this research field, soft prompt learning has become a representative approach for…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field inspects the measures and models involved in decision-making and…

As artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in our society, there are ethical and moral obligations for both businesses and researchers to ensure that their machine learning models are designed, deployed, and maintained…

Deep Learning (DL) models processing images to recognize the health state of large infrastructure components can exhibit biases and rely on non-causal shortcuts. eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) can address these issues but…

Recent research in explainability has given rise to numerous post-hoc attribution methods aimed at enhancing our comprehension of the outputs of black-box machine learning models. However, evaluating the quality of explanations lacks a…

This study provides a cross-disciplinary examination of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches-focusing on deep neural networks (DNNs) and large language models (LLMs)-and identifies empirical and conceptual limitations in…

Challenges persist in providing interpretable explanations for neural network reasoning in explainable AI (xAI). Existing methods like Integrated Gradients produce noisy maps, and LIME, while intuitive, may deviate from the model's…

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is increasingly used in diverse applications ranging from general visual reasoning to safety-critical domains such as medical imaging and autonomous systems, where models must provide not only accurate…

Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assist in downstream tasks involving human and AI collaboration. Perhaps the most psychologically valid XAI techniques are case based approaches which display 'whole' exemplars to…

Prototypical networks aim to build intrinsically explainable models based on the linear summation of concepts. Concepts are coherent entities that we, as humans, can recognize and associate with a certain object or entity. However,…

Explainable artificially intelligent (XAI) systems form part of sociotechnical systems, e.g., human+AI teams tasked with making decisions. Yet, current XAI systems are rarely evaluated by measuring the performance of human+AI teams on…

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has predominantly focused on generating model-centric explanations that approximate the behavior of black-box models. However, such explanations often overlook a fundamental aspect of…

In the field of eXplainable AI (XAI), robust "blackbox" algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are known for making high prediction performance. However, the ability to explain and interpret these algorithms still require…

Research on explainable AI (XAI) has frequently focused on explaining model predictions. More recently, methods have been proposed to explain prediction uncertainty by attributing it to input features (uncertainty attributions). However,…

Ante-hoc interpretability methods based on prototypes provide highly accurate explanations by utilizing the intuitive "this looks like that" reasoning paradigm. On the other hand, post-hoc models can explain predictions for a single image…

There is a disconnect between explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI) methods and the types of explanations that are useful for and demanded by society (policy makers, government officials, etc.) Questions that experts in artificial…

In recent years, a large number of XAI (eXplainable Artificial Intelligence) solutions have been proposed to explain existing ML (Machine Learning) models or to create interpretable ML models. Evaluation measures have recently been proposed…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) has the potential to enhance the transparency and trust of AI-based systems. Although accurate predictions can be made using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the process used to arrive at such…