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Training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS) aims to segment images given a set of arbitrary textual categories without costly model fine-tuning. Existing solutions often explore attention mechanisms of pre-trained models, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xiwei Xuan , Ziquan Deng , Kwan-Liu Ma

Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) methods are capable of performing semantic segmentation without relying on a fixed vocabulary, and in some cases, without training or fine-tuning. However, OVS methods typically require a human in the loop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Osman Ülger , Maksymilian Kulicki , Yuki Asano , Martin R. Oswald

We argue that existing training-free segmentation methods rely on an implicit and limiting assumption, that segmentation is a spectral graph partitioning problem over diffusion-derived affinities. Such approaches, based on global graph…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kunal Mahatha , Jose Dolz , Christian Desrosiers

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) aims to segment objects from arbitrary text categories without requiring densely annotated datasets. Although contrastive learning based models enable zero-shot segmentation, they often lose fine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Huy Che , Vinh-Tiep Nguyen

Despite the significant progress in deep learning for dense visual recognition problems, such as semantic segmentation, traditional methods are constrained by fixed class sets. Meanwhile, vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Sina Hajimiri , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) assigns pixel-level labels from an open set of text-defined categories, demanding reliable generalization to unseen classes at inference. Although modern vision-language models (VLMs) support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Saikat Dutta , Biplab Banerjee , Hamid Rezatofighi

Benefiting from the inductive biases learned from large-scale datasets, open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) leverages the power of vision-language models, such as CLIP, to achieve remarkable progress without requiring task-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Qiming Huang , Hao Ai , Jianbo Jiao

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) aims to segment arbitrary category regions in images using open-vocabulary prompts, necessitating that existing methods possess pixel-level vision-language alignment capability. Typically, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiahao Li , Yang Lu , Yachao Zhang , Fangyong Wang , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu

This paper presents a novel training-free framework for open-vocabulary image segmentation and object recognition (OVSR), which leverages EfficientNetB0, a convolutional neural network, for unsupervised segmentation and CLIP, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ying Dai , Wei Yu Chen

From image-text pairs, large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) learn to implicitly associate image regions with words, which prove effective for tasks like visual question answering. However, leveraging the learned association for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jiayun Luo , Siddhesh Khandelwal , Leonid Sigal , Boyang Li

Random walk neural networks (RWNNs) have emerged as a promising approach for graph representation learning, leveraging recent advances in sequence models to process random walks. However, under realistic sampling constraints, RWNNs often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Michael Ito , Danai Koutra , Jenna Wiens

Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) aims to segment image regions beyond predefined category sets by leveraging semantic descriptions. While CLIP based approaches excel in semantic generalization, they frequently lack the fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Haoxi Zeng , Qiankun Liu , Yi Bin , Haiyue Zhang , Yujuan Ding , Guoqing Wang , Deqiang Ouyang , Heng Tao Shen

Training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation(TF-OVSS) has recently attracted attention for its ability to perform dense prediction by leveraging the pretrained knowledge of large vision and vision-language models, without requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Seungjae Moon , Seunghyun Oh , Youngmin Ro

Remote sensing image plays an irreplaceable role in fields such as agriculture, water resources, military, and disaster relief. Pixel-level interpretation is a critical aspect of remote sensing image applications; however, a prevalent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kaiyu Li , Ruixun Liu , Xiangyong Cao , Xueru Bai , Feng Zhou , Deyu Meng , Zhi Wang

Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) has advanced with recent vision-language models (VLMs), enabling segmentation beyond predefined categories through various learning schemes. Notably, training-free methods offer scalable, easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chanyoung Kim , Dayun Ju , Woojung Han , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Seong Jae Hwang

Open-vocabulary image semantic segmentation (OVS) seeks to segment images into semantic regions across an open set of categories. Existing OVS methods commonly depend on foundational vision-language models and utilize similarity computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Qinglong Cao , Yuntian Chen , Chao Ma , Xiaokang Yang

In this paper, we consider the problem of open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS), which aims to segment objects of arbitrary classes instead of pre-defined, closed-set categories. The main contributions are as follows: First, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jilan Xu , Junlin Hou , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Yi Wang , Yu Qiao , Weidi Xie

Open-vocabulary segmentation aims to achieve segmentation of arbitrary categories given unlimited text inputs as guidance. To achieve this, recent works have focused on developing various technical routes to exploit the potential of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yong Liu , SongLi Wu , Sule Bai , Jiahao Wang , Yitong Wang , Yansong Tang

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing (RS) images is pivotal for comprehensive Earth observation, but the demand for interpreting new object categories, coupled with the high expense of manual annotation, poses significant challenges.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyu Li , Xiangyong Cao , Ruixun Liu , Shihong Wang , Zixuan Jiang , Zhi Wang , Deyu Meng

Training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) promises rapid adaptation to new label sets without retraining. Yet, many methods rely on heavy post-processing or handle text and vision in isolation, leaving cross-modal geometry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Gensheng Pei , Xiruo Jiang , Xinhao Cai , Tao Chen , Yazhou Yao , Byeungwoo Jeon
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