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Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing diverse data types, yet significant disparities persist between human cognitive processes and computational approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Dongxing Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive performance on tasks involving reasoning, leading to a lively debate on whether these models possess reasoning capabilities similar to humans. However, despite these successes, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in visual understanding. This impressive leap raises a compelling question: how can language models, initially trained solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Yunlong Tang , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

Artificial Intelligence models have demonstrated significant success in diagnosing skin diseases, including cancer, showing the potential to assist clinicians in their analysis. However, the interpretability of model predictions must be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Max Torop , Masih Eskandar , Nicholas Kurtansky , Jinyang Liu , Jochen Weber , Octavia Camps , Veronica Rotemberg , Jennifer Dy , Kivanc Kose

We introduce a comprehensive Linguistic Benchmark designed to evaluate the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as logical reasoning, spatial intelligence, and linguistic understanding, among others. Through a series…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sean Williams , James Huckle

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in human-facing roles where personality perception is critical, yet existing benchmarks evaluate this capability solely on numerical Big Five score prediction, leaving open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Caixin Kang , Tianyu Yan , Sitong Gong , Mingfang Zhang , Liangyang Ouyang , Ruicong Liu , Bo Zheng , Huchuan Lu , Kaipeng Zhang , Yoichi Sato , Yifei Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable fluency in understanding visual scenes, yet they exhibit a critical lack in a fundamental cognitive skill: object counting. This blind spot severely limits their reliability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jayant Sravan Tamarapalli , Rynaa Grover , Nilay Pande , Sahiti Yerramilli

As synthetic data becomes increasingly prevalent in training language models, particularly through generated dialogue, concerns have emerged that these models may deviate from authentic human language patterns, potentially losing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xufeng Duan , Bei Xiao , Xuemei Tang , Zhenguang G. Cai

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, but their heavy resource demands make quantization-reducing precision to lower-bit formats-critical for efficient serving. While many…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianyao Shi , Yi Ding

This position paper argues that large language models (LLMs) can make cultural context, and therefore human meaning, legible at an unprecedented scale in AI-based sociotechnical systems. We argue that such systems have previously been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Cody Kommers , Drew Hemment , Maria Antoniak , Joel Z. Leibo , Hoyt Long , Emily Robinson , Adam Sobey

Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used to interpret visualizations, yet little is known about why they fail. We present the first systematic analysis of barriers to visualization literacy in MLLMs. Using the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mengli , Duan , Yuhe , Jiang , Matthew Varona , Carolina Nobre

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing both visual and textual information. However, the critical challenge of alignment between visual and textual representations is not fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu , Ali Payani , Lu Cheng , Mengnan Du

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Reasoning has long been viewed as an emergent property of large language models (LLMs). However, recent studies challenge this assumption, showing that small language models (SLMs) can also achieve competitive reasoning performance. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gaurav Srivastava , Shuxiang Cao , Xuan Wang

Pretrained language models (PLMs) display impressive performances and have captured the attention of the NLP community. Establishing best practices in pretraining has, therefore, become a major focus of NLP research, especially since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Timothee Mickus , Vincent Segonne , Jörg Tiedemann

Large-language models (LLMs) and chatbot agents are known to provide wrong outputs at times, and it was recently found that this can never be fully prevented. Hence, uncertainty quantification plays a crucial role, aiming to quantify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Michael Kirchhof , Gjergji Kasneci , Enkelejda Kasneci

As Large Language Models (LLMs) perform (and sometimes excel at) more and more complex cognitive tasks, a natural question is whether AI really understands. The study of understanding in LLMs is in its infancy, and the community has yet to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mirabel Reid , Santosh S. Vempala