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Ensuring reliability in modern software systems requires rigorous pre-production testing across highly heterogeneous and evolving environments. Because exhaustive evaluation is infeasible, practitioners must decide how to allocate limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yu Zhu

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is useful in many problems that require the cooperation and coordination of multiple agents. Learning optimal policies using reinforcement learning in a multi-agent setting can be very difficult as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Rafael Pina , Varuna De Silva , Joosep Hook , Ahmet Kondoz

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted for controlling and optimizing complex engineering systems such as next-generation wireless networks. An important challenge in adopting RL is the need for direct access to the physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Eslam Eldeeb , Houssem Sifaou , Osvaldo Simeone , Mohammad Shehab , Hirley Alves

Much of the success of single agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in recent years can be attributed to the use of experience replay memories (ERM), which allow Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) to be trained efficiently through sampling stored…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Gregory Palmer , Karl Tuyls , Daan Bloembergen , Rahul Savani

Next-generation networks utilize the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture to enable dynamic resource management, facilitated by the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). While deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models show promise in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Fatemeh Lotfi , Hossein Rajoli , Fatemeh Afghah

Deep reinforcement learning for high dimensional, hierarchical control tasks usually requires the use of complex neural networks as functional approximators, which can lead to inefficiency, instability and even divergence in the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Yuguang Yang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a foundational approach for addressing diverse, intelligent control tasks in various scenarios like the Internet of Vehicles, Internet of Things, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiaoxue Yu , Rongpeng Li , Chengchao Liang , Zhifeng Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a powerful tool for complex decision-making in machine learning and AI. However, traditional methods often assume perfect action execution, overlooking the uncertainties and deviations between an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Oren Fivel , Matan Rudman , Kobi Cohen

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex decision-making problems. However, DRL-based systems still face significant dependability challenges particularly in real-time environments due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Guoxin Su , Thomas Robinson , Hoa Khanh Dam , Li Liu , David S. Rosenblum

Reinforcement learning has been increasingly applied in monitoring applications because of its ability to learn from previous experiences and can make adaptive decisions. However, existing machine learning-based health monitoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , U R Acharya , Raj Gururajan , Xujuan Zhou

In multi-agent safety-critical scenarios, traditional autonomous driving frameworks face significant challenges in balancing safety constraints and task performance. These frameworks struggle to quantify dynamic interaction risks in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Kaifeng Wang , Yinsong Chen , Qi Liu , Xueyuan Li , Xin Gao

Decentralized cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) can be a versatile learning framework, particularly in scenarios where centralized training is either not possible or not practical. One of the critical challenges in…

Reinforcement learning has driven impressive advances in machine learning. Simultaneously, quantum-enhanced machine learning algorithms using quantum annealing underlie heavy developments. Recently, a multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Tobias Müller , Christoph Roch , Kyrill Schmid , Philipp Altmann

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising data-driven approach for adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) in complex urban traffic networks, and deep neural networks further enhance its learning power. However, centralized RL is infeasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Tianshu Chu , Jie Wang , Lara Codecà , Zhaojian Li

Agent-based models (ABMs) have shown promise for modelling various real world phenomena incompatible with traditional equilibrium analysis. However, a critical concern is the manual definition of behavioural rules in ABMs. Recent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sumitra Ganesh

Scheduling problems pose significant challenges in resource, industry, and operational management. This paper addresses the Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem (UPMS) with setup times and resources using a Multi-Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Maria Zampella , Urtzi Otamendi , Xabier Belaunzaran , Arkaitz Artetxe , Igor G. Olaizola , Giuseppe Longo , Basilio Sierra

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) models, despite their efficiency in learning an optimal policy in static environments, easily loses previously learned knowledge (i.e., catastrophic forgetting). It leads RL models to poor performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Wonseo Jang , Dongjae Kim

Network slicing (NS) management devotes to providing various services to meet distinct requirements over the same physical communication infrastructure and allocating resources on demands. Considering a dense cellular network scenario that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Yan Shao , Rongpeng Li , Bing Hu , Yingxiao Wu , Zhifeng Zhao , Honggang Zhang

A characteristic of reinforcement learning is the ability to develop unforeseen strategies when solving problems. While such strategies sometimes yield superior performance, they may also result in undesired or even dangerous behavior. In…

The following interdisciplinary article presents a memetic algorithm with applying deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for solving practically oriented dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problems (DRC-FJSSP). From research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Felix Grumbach , Nour Eldin Alaa Badr , Pascal Reusch , Sebastian Trojahn