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Related papers: General Circulation Models of Hycean Worlds

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The sub-Neptune frontier has opened a new window into the rich diversity of planetary environments beyond the solar system. The possibility of hycean worlds, with planet-wide oceans and H$_2$-rich atmospheres, significantly expands and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-17 Nikku Madhusudhan , Savvas Constantinou , Måns Holmberg , Subhajit Sarkar , Anjali A. A. Piette , Julianne I. Moses

The demographics of sub-Jovian planets around low-mass stars is dominated by populations of ``sub-Neptunes" and ``super-Earths", distinguished by the presence or absence of envelopes of low-molecular weight volatiles, i.e., H2, He, and H2O.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-16 Tatsuya Yoshida , Eric Gaidos

In the past decade, observations from space and ground have found H$_2$O to be the most abundant molecular species, after hydrogen, in the atmospheres of hot, gaseous, extrasolar planets. Being the main molecular carrier of oxygen, H$_2$O…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-12 Angelos Tsiaras , Ingo P. Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti , Jonathan Tennyson , Sergey N. Yurchenko

Observations of exoplanet atmospheres have revealed the presence of cloud particles in their atmospheres. 3D modelling of cloud formation in atmospheres of extrasolar planets coupled to the atmospheric dynamics has long been a challenge. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-04 E. K. H. Lee , I. Dobbs-Dixon , Ch. Helling , K. Bognar , P. Woitke

The M-type star Gliese 581 is orbited by at least one terrestrial planet candidate in the habitable zone, i.e. GL 581 d. Orbital simulations have shown that additional planets inside the habitable zone of GL 581 would be dynamically stable.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 P. von Paris , S. Gebauer , M. Godolt , H. Rauer , B. Stracke

Cold super-Earths which retain their primordial, H-He dominated atmosphere could have surfaces that are warm enough to host liquid water. This would be due to the collision induced absorption (CIA) of infra-red light by hydrogen, which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 Marit Mol Lous , Ravit Helled , Christoph Mordasini

In the spirit of minimal modeling of complex systems, we develop an idealized two-column model to investigate the climate of tidally locked terrestrial planets with Earth-like atmospheres in the habitable zone of M-dwarf stars. The model is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Jun Yang , Dorian S. Abbot

More than two dozen short-period Jupiter-mass gas giant planets have been discovered around nearby solar-type stars in recent years, several of which undergo transits, making them ideal for the detection and characterization of their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ian Dobbs-Dixon , D. N. C. Lin

Gl581d has a minimum mass of 7 MEarth and is the first detected potentially habitable rocky Super-Earth. Our models confirm that a habitable atmosphere can exist on Gl581d. We derive spectroscopic features for atmospheres, assuming an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 L. Kaltenegger , A. Segura , S. Mohanty

We present a HST WFC3 transmission spectrum for the transiting exoplanet HAT-P-12b. This warm (1000 K) sub-Saturn-mass planet has a smaller mass and a lower temperature than the hot-Jupiters that have been studied so far. We find that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Michael R. Line , Heather Knutson , Drake Deming , Ashlee Wilkins , Jean-Michel Desert

The first explorations of temperate sub-Neptune exoplanets have been the hallmark of early JWST observations. The bulk properties of such planets are consistent with a range of possible internal structures, which can be distinguished…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 Savvas Constantinou , Nikku Madhusudhan , Måns Holmberg

The complexity of atmospheric modelling and its inherent non-linearity, together with the limited amount of data of exoplanets available, motivate model intercomparisons and benchmark tests. In the geophysical community, the Held-Suarez…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Kevin Heng , Kristen Menou , Peter J. Phillipps

The energetics of possible global atmospheric circulation patterns in an Earth-like atmosphere are explored using a simplified GCM based on the University of Hamburg's Portable University Model for the Atmosphere. Results from a series of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Peter Read , Fachreddin Tabataba-Vakili , Yixiong Wang , Pierre Augier , Erik Lindborg , Alexandru Valeanu , Roland Young

We have developed a pseudo two-dimensional model of a planetary atmosphere, which takes into account thermochemical kinetics, photochemistry, vertical mixing, and horizontal transport, the latter being modeled as a uniform zonal wind. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-08 Marcelino Agundez , Vivien Parmentier , Olivia Venot , Franck Hersant , Franck Selsis

We present a 3D fully selfconsistent multi-fluid hydrodynamic aeronomy model to study the structure of a hydrogen dominated expanding upper atmosphere around the hot Jupiter HD 209458b and the warm Neptune GJ 436b. In comparison to previous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-21 I. F. Shaikhislamov , M. L. Khodachenko , H. Lammer , A. G. Berezutsky , I. B. Miroshnichenko , M. S. Rumenskikh

We present results from a set of over 300 pseudospectral simulations of atmospheric circulation on extrasolar giant planets with circular orbits. The simulations are of high enough resolution (up to 341 total and sectoral modes) to resolve…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-22 James Y-K. Cho , Kristen Menou , Brad Hansen , Sara Seager

The potential habitability of an exoplanet is traditionally assessed by determining if its orbit falls within the circumstellar `habitable zone' of its star, defined as the distance at which water could be liquid on the surface of a planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-28 Andrew J. Rushby , Martin Johnson , Benjamin J. W. Mills , Andrew J. Watson , Mark W. Claire

Planet atmospheric escape induced by high-energy stellar irradiation is a key phenomenon shaping the structure and evolution of planetary atmospheres. Therefore, the present-day properties of a planetary atmosphere are intimately connected…

K2-18b closely orbits a nearby M3 dwarf within its habitable zone, where this planet could be either a super-Earth or a mini-Neptune. Recent studies using transit spectroscopy suggest that it is Hycean in nature, but this classification is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-17 Shaan D. Patel , Billy Quarles , Manfred Cuntz , Nevin N. Weinberg

Recent analysis of the planet K2-18b has shown the presence of water vapour in its atmosphere. While the H2O detection is significant, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 spectrum suggests three possible solutions of very different nature…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 Quentin Changeat , Billy Edwards , Ahmed F. Al-Refaie , Angelos Tsiaras , Ingo P. Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti