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Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a promising inference scaling method for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. However, it frequently suffers from belief entrenchment, where agents reinforce shared errors rather than correcting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jihwan Oh , Minchan Jeong , Jongwoo Ko , Se-Young Yun

The rapid spread of misinformation in the digital era poses significant challenges to public discourse, necessitating robust and scalable fact-checking solutions. Traditional human-led fact-checking methods, while credible, struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tam Trinh , Manh Nguyen , Truong-Son Hy

With the proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), the detection of misinformation has become increasingly important and complex. This research proposes an innovative verifiable misinformation detection LLM agent that goes beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zikun Cui , Tianyi Huang , Chia-En Chiang , Cuiqianhe Du

The proliferation of deepfake technologies poses urgent challenges and serious risks to digital integrity, particularly within critical sectors such as forensics, journalism, and the legal system. While existing detection systems have made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shahroz Tariq , Simon S. Woo , Priyanka Singh , Irena Irmalasari , Saakshi Gupta , Dev Gupta

Multi-agent debate (MAD) has gained significant attention as a promising line of research to improve the factual accuracy and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Despite its conceptual appeal, current MAD research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangfan Zhang , Zhiyao Cui , Jianhao Chen , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Zhen Wang , Dinghao Wu , Shuyue Hu

Multi-agent debate (MAD) aims to improve large language model (LLM) reasoning by letting multiple agents exchange answers and then aggregate their opinions. Yet recent studies reveal that agents are not neutral: they are prone to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Large language models (LLMs) incorporated with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in generating counterspeech against misinformation. However, current studies rely on limited evidence and offer less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Anirban Saha Anik , Xiaoying Song , Elliott Wang , Bryan Wang , Bengisu Yarimbas , Lingzi Hong

Fact-checking research has extensively explored verification but less so the generation of natural-language explanations, crucial for user trust. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in text generation, their capability for producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Kyungha Kim , Sangyun Lee , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Hou Pong Chan , Manling Li , Heng Ji

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) improves LLM-agent accuracy but suffers from rapid context growth, limiting scalability in larger multi-agent settings. Existing methods prune low-utility communications using prior signals, such as token-level…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Weifan Jiang , Rana Shahout , Minghao Li , Zhenting Qi , Yilun Du , Michael Mitzenmacher , Minlan Yu

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems improve LLM reasoning through iterative deliberation, but remain vulnerable to debate collapse, a failure type where final agent decisions are compromised on erroneous reasoning. Existing methods lack…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Joseph Costa , Yingxue Zhang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced autonomous agents' planning and decision-making, yet they struggle with complex tasks requiring diverse expertise and multi-step reasoning. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems, introduced in NLP…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jina Chun , Qihong Chen , Jiawei Li , Iftekhar Ahmed

The rapid spread of rumors on social media platforms during breaking events severely hinders the dissemination of the truth. Previous studies reveal that the lack of annotated resources hinders the direct detection of unforeseen breaking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mingqing Zhang , Haisong Gong , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Despite the growing popularity of audio platforms, fact-checking spoken content remains significantly underdeveloped. Misinformation in speech often unfolds across multi-turn dialogues, shaped by speaker interactions, disfluencies,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chaewan Chun , Lysandre Terrisse , Delvin Ce Zhang , Dongwon Lee

Multi-Agent Debate~(MAD) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving the performance of large language models through collaborative reasoning. Despite recent advances, the key factors driving MAD's effectiveness remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

The rapid spread of fake news across multimedia platforms presents serious challenges to information credibility. In this paper, we propose a Debunk-and-Infer framework for Fake News Detection(DIFND) that leverages debunking knowledge to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Kaiying Yan , Moyang Liu , Yukun Liu , Ruibo Fu , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao , Xuefei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities across diverse application domains. Recent work has explored Multi-LLM Agent Debate (MAD) as a way to enhance performance by enabling multiple LLMs to discuss and refine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xuhang Chen , Zhifan Song , Deyi Ji , Shuo Gao , Lanyun Zhu

The rapid proliferation of misinformation in digital media demands solutions that go beyond isolated Large Language Model(LLM) or AI Agent based detection methods. This paper introduces a novel multi-agent framework that covers the complete…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Aditya Gautam

Half-truths, claims that are factually correct yet misleading due to omitted context, remain a blind spot for fact verification systems focused on explicit falsehoods. Addressing such omission-based manipulation requires reasoning not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yixuan Tang , Yirui Zhang , Hang Feng , Anthony K. H. Tung

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems leverage collective intelligence to enhance reasoning capabilities, yet existing approaches struggle to simultaneously optimize accuracy, consensus formation, and computational efficiency. Static topology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chao Wang , Han Lin , Huaze Tang , Huijing Lin , Wenbo Ding

The rapid proliferation of online misinformation threatens the stability of digital social systems and poses significant risks to public trust, policy, and safety, necessitating reliable automated fake news detection. Existing methods often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Roopa Bukke , Soumya Pandey , Suraj Kumar , Soumi Chattopadhyay , Chandranath Adak