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Flexible loads are a resource for the Balancing Authority (BA) of the future to aid in the balance of supply and demand in the power grid. Consequently, it is of interest for a BA to know how much flexibility a collection of loads has, so…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Austin R. Coffman , Zhong Guo , Prabir Barooah

Companies with datacenters are procuring significant amounts of renewable energy to reduce their carbon footprint. There is increasing interest in achieving 24/7 Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) matching in electricity usage, aiming to eliminate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-16 Iegor Riepin , Tom Brown , Victor Zavala

Many loads have flexibility in demand that can be used to provide ancillary services to power grids. A large body of literature exists on designing algorithms to coordinate actions of many loads to provide such a service. The topic of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Prabir Barooah

Cloud providers are adapting datacenter (DC) capacity to reduce carbon emissions. With hyperscale datacenters exceeding 100 MW individually, and in some grids exceeding 15% of power load, DC adaptation is large enough to harm power grid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Liuzixuan Lin , Andrew A. Chien

Managing energy efficiency under timing constraints is an interesting and big challenge. This work proposes an accurate power model in data centers for time-constrained servers in Cloud computing. This model, as opposed to previous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Teresa Higuera , José L. Risco-Martín , Patricia Arroba , José L. Ayala

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

Flexible electricity networks continuously coordinate and optimize operations through ICT systems. An overlay data grid conveys information about the state of the electricity grid, as well as the status of demand and production of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Niels Ørbæk Chemnitz , Philippe Bonnet , Irina Shklovski , Sebastian Büttrich , Laura Watts

In ours days data centers provide the global community an indispensable service: nearly unlimited access to almost any kind of information we can imagine by supporting most Internet services such as: Web hosting and E-commerce services.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Iulia Dumitru , Grigore Stamatescu , Ioana Fagarasan , Sergiu Stelian Iliescu

Data clustering is an instrumental tool in the area of energy resource management. One problem with conventional clustering is that it does not take the final use of the clustered data into account, which may lead to a very suboptimal use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Chao Zhang , Samson Lasaulce , Martin Hennebel , Lucas Saludjian , Patrick Panciatici , H. Vincent Poor

The rapid expansion of cloud computing and data center infrastructure has led to significant energy consumption, posing environmental challenges due to the growing carbon footprint. This research explores energy-aware management strategies…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rabab Khan Rongon , Krishna Das

One of the current trends related to data centers is providing it with renewable energy sources. This paper suggests an analysis technique for a model uses solar panels energy to power a data center consists of 100 traditional servers,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Alnawar J. Mohammed , Qutaiba I. Ali

Building energy flexibility has been increasingly demonstrated as a cost-effective solution to respond to the needs of energy networks, including electric grids and district cooling and heating systems, improving the integration of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Maomao Hu , Ram Rajagopal , Jacques A. de Chalendar

We study an electricity market clearing formulation that seeks to remunerate spatio-temporal, load-shifting flexibility provided by data centers (DaCes). Load-shifting flexibility is a key asset for power grid operators as they aim to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-17 Weiqi Zhang , Victor M. Zavala

Optimization models have been broadly used within side the energy industry as useful decision-making systems for scheduling and dispatching electric powered energy resources; this is applied in a system called unit commitment (UC). Unit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Angel Zambrano

As an essential measure to combat global warming, electric vehicles (EVs) have witnessed rapid growth. Flexible EVs can enhance power systems' ability to handle renewable generation uncertainties. How EV flexibility can be utilized in power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Dongxiang Yan , Shihan Huang , Yue Chen

Flexibility is a key enabler for the smart grid, required to facilitate Demand Side Management (DSM) programs, managing electrical consumption to reduce peaks, balance renewable generation and provide ancillary services to the grid.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Sarah O'Connell , Stefano Riverso

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

Due to the 2012 change in the renewable energy act the feed-in tariffs and as result the number of newly installed photovoltaic systems decreased dramatically in Germany. Therefore, there was the need, particularly, in the residential…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Tanja M. Kneiske , Martin Braun

Data center providers seek to minimize their total cost of ownership (TCO), while power consumption has become a social concern. We present formulations to minimize server energy consumption and server cost under three different data center…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Haiyang Qian , Fu Li , Ravishankar Ravindran , Deep Medhi

The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DER) offers new opportunities for distribution system operators (DSO) to improve network operation through flexibility services. To utilise flexible resources, various DER…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Andrey Churkin , Wangwei Kong , Pierluigi Mancarella , Eduardo A. Martínez Ceseña