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Large language models (LLMs) trained purely on text ostensibly lack any direct perceptual experience, yet their internal representations are implicitly shaped by multimodal regularities encoded in language. We test the hypothesis that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sophie L. Wang , Phillip Isola , Brian Cheung

MER2025 is the third year of our MER series of challenges, aiming to bring together researchers in the affective computing community to explore emerging trends and future directions in the field. Previously, MER2023 focused on multi-label…

With the extensive accumulation of conversational data on the Internet, emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) has received increasing attention. Previous efforts of this task mainly focus on leveraging contextual and speaker-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Yinyi Wei , Shuaipeng Liu , Hailei Yan , Wei Ye , Tong Mo , Guanglu Wan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in domains where labeled data is scarce or expensive, such as clinical domain. However, to unlock the clinical knowledge hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Mark Kelley , Alyssa Samolyk-Mazzanti , Shyam Visweswaran , Yanshan Wang

Difficult decision-making problems abound in various disciplines and domains. The proliferation of generative techniques, especially large language models (LLMs), has excited interest in using them for decision support. However, LLMs cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Boris Kovalerchuk , Brent D. Fegley

Speech large language models (LLMs) observe paralinguistic cues such as prosody, emotion, and non-verbal sounds--crucial for intent understanding. However, leveraging these cues faces challenges: limited training data, annotation…

Computational models can advance affective science by shedding light onto the interplay between cognition and emotion from an information processing point of view. We propose a computational model of emotion that integrates reinforcement…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jiayi Zhang , Joost Broekens , Jussi Jokinen

Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved commendable accomplishments in various natural language processing tasks. However, LLMs still encounter significant challenges when dealing with complex scenarios involving multiple entities. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Tianyu Du , Jianwei Yin , Weihao Liu , Xuhong Zhang

Emotion detection is a central problem in NLP, with recent progress driven by transformer-based models trained on established datasets. However, little is known about the linguistic regularities that characterize how emotions are expressed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Florian Lecourt , Madalina Croitoru , Konstantin Todorov

This article provides the first survey of computational models of emotion in reinforcement learning (RL) agents. The survey focuses on agent/robot emotions, and mostly ignores human user emotions. Emotions are recognized as functional in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Thomas M. Moerland , Joost Broekens , Catholijn M. Jonker

"How does the person in the bounding box feel?" Achieving human-level recognition of the apparent emotion of a person in real world situations remains an unsolved task in computer vision. Facial expressions are not enough: body pose,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yasaman Etesam , Özge Nilay Yalçın , Chuxuan Zhang , Angelica Lim

Empathetic response generation endows agents with the capability to comprehend dialogue contexts and react to expressed emotions. Previous works predominantly focus on leveraging the speaker's emotional labels, but ignore the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Xinhao Chen , Chong Yang , Man Lan , Li Cai , Yang Chen , Tu Hu , Xinlin Zhuang , Aimin Zhou

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the need for robust, comprehensive, and challenging benchmarks. Yet, research on evaluating their Emotional Intelligence (EI) is considerably limited. Existing benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sahand Sabour , Siyang Liu , Zheyuan Zhang , June M. Liu , Jinfeng Zhou , Alvionna S. Sunaryo , Juanzi Li , Tatia M. C. Lee , Rada Mihalcea , Minlie Huang

Audio Large Language Models (AudioLLMs) have achieved strong results in semantic tasks like speech recognition and translation, but remain limited in modeling paralinguistic cues such as emotion. Existing approaches often treat emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wenyu Zhang , Yingxu He , Geyu Lin , Zhuohan Liu , Shuo Sun , Bin Wang , Xunlong Zou , Jeremy H. M. Wong , Qiongqiong Wang , Hardik B. Sailor , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Understanding emotions is a fundamental ability for intelligent systems to be able to interact with humans. Vision-language models (VLMs) have made tremendous progress in the last few years for many visual tasks, potentially offering a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Madhav Agarwal , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Laura Sevilla-Lara , Steven McDonagh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread global adoption, showcasing advanced linguistic capabilities across multiple of languages. There is a growing interest in academia to use these models to simulate and study human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shiran Dudy , Ibrahim Said Ahmad , Ryoko Kitajima , Agata Lapedriza

Multi-modal conversation emotion recognition (MCER) aims to recognize and track the speaker's emotional state using text, speech, and visual information in the conversation scene. Analyzing and studying MCER issues is significant to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuntao Shou , Tao Meng , Wei Ai , Fangze Fu , Nan Yin , Keqin Li

Emotional tone is pervasive in human communication, yet its influence on large language model (LLM) behaviour remains unclear. Here, we examine how first-person emotional framing in user-side queries affect LLM performance across six…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Minda Zhao , Yutong Yang , Chufei Peng , Rachel Gonsalves , Weiyue Li , Ruyi Yang , Zhixi Liu , Mengyu Wang

This study focuses on emotion-sensitive spoken dialogue in human-machine speech interaction. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), dialogue systems can handle multimodal data, including audio. Recent models have enhanced the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Hongfei Xue , Yuhao Liang , Bingshen Mu , Shiliang Zhang , Mengzhe Chen , Qian Chen , Lei Xie