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Quantization-aware training (QAT) schemes have been shown to achieve near-full precision accuracy. They accomplish this by training a quantized model for multiple epochs. This is computationally expensive, mainly because of the full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Saleh Ashkboos , Bram Verhoef , Torsten Hoefler , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

Structured State Space models (SSM) have recently emerged as a new class of deep learning models, particularly well-suited for processing long sequences. Their constant memory footprint, in contrast to the linearly scaling memory demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sebastian Siegel , Ming-Jay Yang , Younes Bouhadjar , Maxime Fabre , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm to distributively learn machine learning models from decentralized data that remains on-device. Despite the success of standard Federated optimization methods, such as Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Kartik Gupta , Marios Fournarakis , Matthias Reisser , Christos Louizos , Markus Nagel

Learnable Image Compression (LIC) has shown the potential to outperform standardized video codecs in RD efficiency, prompting the research for hardware-friendly implementations. Most existing LIC hardware implementations prioritize latency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Alaa Mazouz , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Marco Cagnanzzo , Mihai Mitrea , Enzo Tartaglione , Attilio Fiandrotti

Due to the high memory and computational costs associated with large language models (LLMs), model compression techniques such as quantization, which reduces inference costs, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyesung Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-joon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Safety-critical autonomous systems must satisfy hard state constraints under tight computational and sensing budgets, yet learning-based controllers are often far more complex than safe operation requires. To formalize this gap, we study…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Ege Yuceel , Teodor Tchalakov , Sayan Mitra

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Quantum Computing aims to streamline machine learning, making it more effective with fewer trainable parameters. This reduction of parameters can speed up the learning process and reduce the use of computational resources. However, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Michael Kölle , Timo Witter , Tobias Rohe , Gerhard Stenzel , Philipp Altmann , Thomas Gabor

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a leading technique for improving the accuracy of quantized neural networks. Previous work has shown that decomposing training into a full-precision (FP) phase followed by a QAT phase yields superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Aleksandr Dremov , David Grangier , Angelos Katharopoulos , Awni Hannun

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a representative model compression method to reduce redundancy in weights and activations. However, most existing QAT methods require end-to-end training on the entire dataset, which suffers from long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

We propose a novel 2-stage sub 8-bit quantization aware training algorithm for all components of a 250K parameter feedforward, streaming, state-free keyword spotting model. For the 1st-stage, we adapt a recently proposed quantization…

This paper examines the use of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) for two resource-constrained scientific applications: automated calibration of semi-conductor quantum bits (qubits) and scientific particle detectors. We evaluate the…

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is crucial for efficient model deployment, yet its effectiveness on Ascend NPU remains under-explored compared to GPU architectures. This paper presents a case study of representative PTQ baselines applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuchen Luo , Fangyue Zhu , Ruining Zhou , Mingzhe Huang , Jian Zhu , Fanyu Fan , Wei Shao

Quantization techniques can reduce the size of Deep Neural Networks and improve inference latency and throughput by taking advantage of high throughput integer instructions. In this paper we review the mathematical aspects of quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Hao Wu , Patrick Judd , Xiaojie Zhang , Mikhail Isaev , Paulius Micikevicius

We demonstrate, for the first time, fully quantized training (FQT) of large language models (LLMs) using predominantly 4-bit floating-point (FP4) precision for weights, activations, and gradients on datasets up to 200 billion tokens. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Brian Chmiel , Maxim Fishman , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

A growing number of applications implement predictive functions using deep learning models, which require heavy use of compute and memory. One popular technique for increasing resource efficiency is 8-bit integer quantization, in which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Animesh Jain , Shoubhik Bhattacharya , Masahiro Masuda , Vin Sharma , Yida Wang

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a practical route to deploy reasoning-capable LLMs under tight memory and latency budgets, yet it can markedly impair mathematical reasoning (drops up to 69.81% in our harder settings). We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Songmiao Wang , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Aofan Liu , Ming Li , Jiannong Cao , Yuan Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

We present APQ for efficient deep learning inference on resource-constrained hardware. Unlike previous methods that separately search the neural architecture, pruning policy, and quantization policy, we optimize them in a joint manner. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Tianzhe Wang , Kuan Wang , Han Cai , Ji Lin , Zhijian Liu , Song Han