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Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications requirebeamforming and consequent precise beam alignmentbetween the gNodeB (gNB) and the user equipment (UE) toovercome high propagation losses. This beam alignment needs tobe constantly updated for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Enrico Tosi , Panwei Hu , Aleksandar Ichkov , Marina Petrova , Ljiljana Simić

This paper presents a novel and sustainable approach for improving beam selection in 5G and beyond networks using transfer learning and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Traditional RL-based beam selection models require extensive training time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Dariush Salami , Ramin Hashemi , Parham Kazemi , Mikko A. Uusitalo

Beamforming design for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multi-user communication (IRS-MUC) systems critically depends on the acquisition of accurate channel state information (CSI). However, channel estimation (CE) in IRS-MUC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-24 Chang Liu , Xuemeng Liu , Zhiqiang Wei , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Robert Schober

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) communication systems require large antenna arrays and use narrow directive beams to ensure sufficient receive signal power. However, selecting the optimal beams for these large antenna arrays…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Shoaib Imran , Gouranga Charan , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has emerged as a key enabler for future wireless systems. The recently developed symbol-level precoding (SLP) technique holds significant potential for ISAC waveform design, as it leverages both…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-21 Peng Jiang , Ming Li , Rang Liu , Wei Wang , Qian Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are expected to play an important role in future wireless communication systems. These surfaces typically rely on their reflection beamforming codebooks to reflect and focus the signal on the target…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Yu Zhang , Ahmed Alkhateeb

The realization of practical intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multi-user communication (IRS-MUC) systems critically depends on the proper beamforming design exploiting accurate channel state information (CSI). However, channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Chang Liu , Xuemeng Liu , Zhiqiang Wei , Shaokang Hu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Jinhong Yuan

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks offer the potential for high-speed data transfer and precise localization, leveraging large antenna arrays and extensive bandwidths. However, these networks are challenged by significant path loss and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Wan-Ting Shih , Chao-Kai Wen , Shang-Ho Tsai , Shi Jin , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a key enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering programmable control over propagation environments. While extensive research focuses on planar RIS architectures,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Mohamadreza Delbari , Ehsan Mohammadi , Mostafa Darabi , Arash Asadi , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Vahid Jamali

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a transformative paradigm, enabling situationally aware and perceptive next-generation wireless networks through the co-design of shared network resources. With the adoption of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Ahmed Hussain , Asmaa Abdallah , Abdulkadir Celik , Ahmed M. Eltawil

Millimeter wave communications are essential for modern wireless networks. It supports high data rates but suffers from severe path loss, which requires precise beam alignment to maintain reliable links. This beam management is particularly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Ailton Oliveira , Amir Khatibi , Daniel Suzuki , Ilan Correa , José Rezende , Aldebaro Klautau

Radio environment maps (REMs) hold a central role in optimizing wireless network deployment, enhancing network performance, and ensuring effective spectrum management. Conventional REM prediction methods are either excessively…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Hazem Sallouha , Shamik Sarkar , Enes Krijestorac , Danijela Cabric

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) show great promise in the realm of 6th generation (6G) wireless systems, particularly in the areas of localization and communication. Their cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency enable the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Han Yan , Hua Chen , Wei Liu , Songjie Yang , Gang Wang , Chau Yuen

We investigate the applicability of deep reinforcement learning algorithms to the adaptive initial access beam alignment problem for mmWave communications using the state-of-the-art proximal policy optimization algorithm as an example. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Daniel Tandler , Sebastian Dörner , Marc Gauger , Stephan ten Brink

Deep convolutional neural networks have largely benefited computer vision tasks. However, the high computational complexity limits their real-world applications. To this end, many methods have been proposed for efficient network learning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Biao Qian , Yang Wang , Zhao Zhang , Richang Hong , Meng Wang , Ling Shao

Hierarchical multi-label classification (HMLC) is essential for modeling structured label dependencies in remote sensing. Yet existing approaches struggle in multi-path settings, where images may activate multiple taxonomic branches,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Boshko Koloski , Marjan Stoimchev , Jurica Levatić , Dragi Kocev , Sašo Džeroski

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully applied to a variety of game-like environments. However, the application of deep RL to visual navigation with realistic environments is a challenging task. We propose a novel learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Jonáš Kulhánek , Erik Derner , Tim de Bruin , Robert Babuška

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a transformative technology for 6G networks, enabling the seamless integration of communication and sensing functionalities. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), with their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Shoushuo Zhang , Rang Liu , Ming Li , Wei Wang , Qian Liu

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning (RL)-aided cognitive framework for massive MIMO-based integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems employing a uniform planar array (UPA). The focus is on enhancing radar sensing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Adam Umra , Aya M. Ahmed , Aydin Sezgin

The dynamic allocation of spectrum in 5G / 6G networks is critical to efficient resource utilization. However, applying traditional deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is often infeasible due to its immense sample complexity and the safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Tobi Awodunmila , Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Ahsan Bilal , Muhammad Ali Jamshed