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Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) obtain outstanding results in tasks that require human-level understanding of data, like image or speech recognition. However, their computational load is significant, motivating the development of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Paolo Meloni , Alessandro Capotondi , Gianfranco Deriu , Michele Brian , Francesco Conti , Davide Rossi , Luigi Raffo , Luca Benini

Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) recently became widely used, from multi-core CPUs to edge-AI accelerators. Emulation on FPGAs promises to accelerate their RTL modeling compared to slow simulations. However, realistic test stimuli are challenging…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Yee Yang Tan , Felix Staudigl , Lukas Jünger , Anna Drewes , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

The increasing complexity of deep neural networks (DNNs) poses significant challenges for edge inference deployment due to resource and power constraints of edge devices. Recent works on unary-based matrix multiplication hardware aim to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Harideep Nair , Thomas Kang , Yichen Ni , Haoyang Fan , Bin Qi , Jeff Chen , Shawn Blanton , John Paul Shen

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of applications. However, deeper CNN models, which are usually computation consuming, are widely required for complex Artificial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Chaoyang Zhu , Kejie Huang , Shuyuan Yang , Ziqi Zhu , Hejia Zhang , Haibin Shen

Deep neural networks are widely used in personalized recommendation systems. Unlike regular DNN inference workloads, recommendation inference is memory-bound due to the many random memory accesses needed to lookup the embedding tables. The…

The next significant step in the evolution and proliferation of artificial intelligence technology will be the integration of neural network (NN) models within embedded and mobile systems. This calls for the design of compact, energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Elham Azari , Sarma Vrudhula

Low-precision formats have recently driven major breakthroughs in neural network (NN) training and inference by reducing the memory footprint of the NN models and improving the energy efficiency of the underlying hardware architectures.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Luca Bertaccini , Gianna Paulin , Tim Fischer , Stefan Mach , Luca Benini

Our goal in this paper is to understand how to maximize energy efficiency when designing standard-ISA processor cores for subthreshold operation. We hence develop a custom subthreshold library and use it to synthesize the open-source RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asbjørn Djupdal , Magnus Själander , Magnus Jahre , Snorre Aunet , Trond Ytterdal

Generation and exploration of approximate circuits and accelerators has been a prominent research domain to achieve energy-efficiency and/or performance improvements. This research has predominantly focused on ASICs, while not achieving…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Bharath Srinivas Prabakaran , Vojtech Mrazek , Zdenek Vasicek , Lukas Sekanina , Muhammad Shafique

Hardware-based acceleration is an extensive attempt to facilitate many computationally-intensive mathematics operations. This paper proposes an FPGA-based architecture to accelerate the convolution operation - a complex and expensive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Trung Dinh Pham , Bao Gia Bach , Lam Trinh Luu , Minh Dinh Nguyen , Hai Duc Pham , Khoa Bui Anh , Xuan Quang Nguyen , Cuong Pham Quoc

Open-source simulation tools play a crucial role for neuromorphic application engineers and hardware architects to investigate performance bottlenecks and explore design optimizations before committing to silicon. Reconfigurable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Sahil Hassan , Michael Inouye , Miguel C. Gonzalez , Ilkin Aliyev , Joshua Mack , Maisha Hafiz , Ali Akoglu

Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of machine learning tasks. There is growing interest in training transformers on resource-constrained edge devices due to considerations such as privacy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiayi Tian , Jinming Lu , Hai Li , Xiangwei Wang , Cong Hao , Ian Young , Zheng Zhang

This paper investigates the usage of FPGA devices for energy-efficient exact kNN search in high-dimension latent spaces. This work intercepts a relevant trend that tries to support the increasing popularity of learned representations based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Patrizio Dazzi , William Guglielmo , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Salvatore Trani

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely employed in many applications such as image classification, video analysis and speech recognition. Being compute-intensive, CNN computations are mainly accelerated by GPUs with high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Dong Wang , Jianjing An , Ke Xu

We propose EdgeSpike, a co-designed spiking neural network (SNN) framework for autonomous low-power sensing in edge Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. EdgeSpike unifies (i) a hybrid surrogate-gradient and direct-encoding training…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Gustav Olaf Yunus Laitinen-Fredriksson Lundstrom-Imanov , Taner Yilmaz

Targeting vision applications at the edge, in this work, we systematically explore and propose a high-performance and energy-efficient Optical In-Sensor Accelerator architecture called OISA for the first time. Taking advantage of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mehrdad Morsali , Sepehr Tabrizchi , Deniz Najafi , Mohsen Imani , Mahdi Nikdast , Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi

Recently, FPGA has been increasingly applied to problems such as speech recognition, machine learning, and cloud computation such as the Bing search engine used by Microsoft. This is due to FPGAs great parallel computation capacity as well…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Yufeng Hao , Steven Quigley

To meet the computational requirements of modern workloads under tight energy constraints, general-purpose accelerator architectures have to integrate an ever-increasing number of extremely area- and energy-efficient processing elements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

Real-time Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference with low-latency requirement has become increasingly important for numerous applications in both cloud computing (e.g., Apple's Siri) and edge computing (e.g., Google/Waymo's driverless car).…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Weiwen Jiang , Edwin H. -M. Sha , Xinyi Zhang , Lei Yang , Qingfeng Zhuge , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zexin Fu , Riccardo Tedeschi , Gianmarco Ottavi , Nils Wistoff , César Fuguet , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini
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