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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts where their outputs influence real-world decisions. However, evaluating bias in LLM outputs remains methodologically challenging due to sensitivity to prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 William Guey , Wei Zhang , Pei-Luen Patrick Rau , Pierrick Bougault , Vitor D. de Moura , Bertan Ucar , Jose O. Gomes

Existing large language models (LLMs) for machine translation are typically fine-tuned on sentence-level translation instructions and achieve satisfactory performance at the sentence level. However, when applied to document-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yachao Li , Junhui Li , Jing Jiang , Min Zhang

Domain specificity of embedding models is critical for effective performance. However, existing benchmarks, such as FinMTEB, are primarily designed for high-resource languages, leaving low-resource settings, such as Korean, under-explored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yewon Hwang , Sungbum Jung , Hanwool Lee , Sara Yu

The fast development of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers growing opportunities to further improve sequential recommendation systems. Yet for some practitioners, integrating LLMs to their existing base recommendation systems raises…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Nanshan Jia , Chenfei Yuan , Yuhang Wu , Zeyu Zheng

The use of formal language for deductive logical reasoning aligns well with language models (LMs), where translating natural language (NL) into first-order logic (FOL) and employing an external solver results in a verifiable and therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Jiuzhou Han , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) represent a significant advancement in text generation, offering parallel token decoding capabilities. However, existing open-source implementations suffer from quality-speed trade-offs that impede…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fanheng Kong , Jingyuan Zhang , Yahui Liu , Zirui Wu , Yu Tian , Victoria W. , Guorui Zhou

Diffusion language models offer a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their global, non-causal generation process, but their continuous latent dynamics make discrete constraints -- e.g., the output should be a JSON file…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jinwoo Kim , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Loris D'Antoni

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine translation (MT), yet their effectiveness in translating web novels remains unclear. Existing benchmarks rely on surface-level metrics that fail to capture the distinctive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enze Zhang , Jiaying Wang , Mengxi Xiao , Jifei Liu , Ziyan Kuang , Rui Dong , Eric Dong , Sophia Ananiadou , Min Peng , Qianqian Xie

When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Traditionally, success in multilingual machine translation can be attributed to three key factors in training data: large volume, diverse translation directions, and high quality. In the current practice of fine-tuning large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dawei Zhu , Pinzhen Chen , Miaoran Zhang , Barry Haddow , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow

While large language models (LLMs) are proficient at question-answering (QA), it is not always clear how (or even if) an answer follows from their latent "beliefs". This lack of interpretability is a growing impediment to widespread use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nora Kassner , Oyvind Tafjord , Ashish Sabharwal , Kyle Richardson , Hinrich Schuetze , Peter Clark

Discrete diffusion models (DMs) have achieved strong performance in language and other discrete domains, offering a compelling alternative to autoregressive modeling. Yet this performance typically depends on large training datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Julian Kleutgens , Claudio Battiloro , Lingkai Kong , Benjamin Grewe , Francesca Dominici , Mauricio Tec

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Generally, Neural Machine Translation models generate target words in a left-to-right (L2R) manner and fail to exploit any future (right) semantics information, which usually produces an unbalanced translation. Recent works attempt to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Yong Shan , Yang Feng , Jinchao Zhang , Fandong Meng , Wen Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) operate in two fundamental learning modes - fine-tuning (FT) and in-context learning (ICL) - raising key questions about which mode yields greater language proficiency and whether they differ in their inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Soumi Das , Till Speicher , Qinyuan Wu , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Deepak Garg , Krishna P. Gummadi , Evimaria Terzi

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable progress in general-purpose capabilities and can achieve strong performance in specific domains through fine-tuning on domain-specific data. However, acquiring high-quality data for target…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tong Ye , Hang Yu , Tengfei Ma , Xuhong Zhang , Jianguo Li , Peng Di , Peiyu Liu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang

Discrete diffusion models have recently emerged as strong alternatives to autoregressive language models, matching their performance through large-scale training. However, inference-time control remains relatively underexplored. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Meihua Dang , Jiaqi Han , Minkai Xu , Kai Xu , Akash Srivastava , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) provide a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by generating text through iterative denoising and bidirectional refinement. However, this iterative generation paradigm also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yejin Lee , Yo-Sub Han

Like humans, large language models (LLMs) do not always generate the best output on their first try. Motivated by how humans refine their written text, we introduce Self-Refine, an approach for improving initial outputs from LLMs through…

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