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Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance across domains but face significant challenges when deployed on consumer-grade GPUs or personal devices such as laptops, due to high memory consumption and inference costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Li Lin , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) pretraining have led to high-quality LLMs with impressive abilities. By compressing such LLMs via quantization to 3-4 bits per parameter, they can fit into memory-limited devices such as laptops…

Quantization is an effective method for reducing memory footprint and inference time of Neural Networks, e.g., for efficient inference in the cloud, especially at the edge. However, ultra low precision quantization could lead to significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Zhen Dong , Zhewei Yao , Yaohui Cai , Daiyaan Arfeen , Amir Gholami , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of language tasks, but their deployment on edge devices remains challenging due to the substantial memory requirements imposed by their large parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zihan Chen , Bike Xie , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

Denoising diffusion models have emerged as state-of-the-art in generative tasks across image, audio, and video domains, producing high-quality, diverse, and contextually relevant data. However, their broader adoption is limited by high…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jayneel Vora , Aditya Krishnan , Nader Bouacida , Prabhu RV Shankar , Prasant Mohapatra

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing large language models (LLMs). However, while uniform-precision quantization is computationally efficient, it often compromises model performance. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wei Huang , Haotong Qin , Yangdong Liu , Yawei Li , Qinshuo Liu , Xianglong Liu , Luca Benini , Michele Magno , Shiming Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Post-training quantization (PTQ) plays a crucial role in the democratization of large language models (LLMs). However, existing low-bit quantization and sparsification techniques are difficult to balance accuracy and efficiency due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ruixuan Huang , Hao Zeng , Hantao Huang , Jinyuan Shi , Minghui Yu , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Shuai Wang

When quantizing weights and activations to increasingly narrower representations, the cost of additions begins to dominate that of multiplications in multiply-accumulate (MAC) units. Recent studies show that reducing addition costs via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ian Colbert , Giuseppe Franco , Fabian Grob , Jinjie Zhang , Rayan Saab

Diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in image synthesis by progressively estimating a smooth transition from a Gaussian distribution of noise to a real image. Unfortunately, their practical deployment is limited by slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Pham anh Trung Le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

The emergence of LLMs has ignited a fresh surge of breakthroughs in NLP applications, particularly in domains such as question-answering systems and text generation. As the need for longer context grows, a significant bottleneck in model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Shichen Dong , Wen Cheng , Jiayu Qin , Wei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are scaling rapidly, creating significant challenges for collaborative server client distributed training, particularly in terms of communication efficiency and computational overheads. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yurun Song , Zhuoyi Yang , Ian G. Harris , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

Segment Anything Model (SAM) exhibits remarkable zero-shot segmentation capability; however, its prohibitive computational costs make edge deployment challenging. Although post-training quantization (PTQ) offers a promising compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jing Zhang , Zhikai Li , Chengzhi Hu , Xuewen Liu , Qingyi Gu

Large language models can be quantized to reduce inference time latency, model size, and energy consumption, thereby delivering a better user experience at lower cost. A challenge exists to deliver quantized models with minimal loss of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Steven K. Esser , Jeffrey L. McKinstry , Deepika Bablani , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

Weight quantization is used to deploy high-performance deep learning models on resource-limited hardware, enabling the use of low-precision integers for storage and computation. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) share the goal of enhancing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sreyes Venkatesh , Razvan Marinescu , Jason K. Eshraghian

Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) is a critical technique for deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained devices. However, existing methods often face two major challenges: the highly non-uniform distribution of activations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shaohang Jia , Zhiyong Huang , Zhi Yu , Mingyang Hou , Shuai Miao , Han Yang

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained prominence in various visual and multimodal tasks, yet the deployment of VLMs on downstream application platforms remains challenging due to their prohibitive requirements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huixin Sun , Runqi Wang , Yanjing Li , Xianbin Cao , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang

The pre-ranking stage in industrial recommendation systems faces a fundamental conflict between efficiency and effectiveness. While powerful models like Target Attention (TA) excel at capturing complex feature interactions in the ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yutong Li , Yu Zhu , Yichen Qiao , Ziyu Guan , Lv Shao , Tong Liu , Bo Zheng

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an efficient model compression technique that quantizes a pretrained full-precision model using only a small calibration set of unlabeled samples without retraining. PTQ methods for convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jaehyeon Moon , Dohyung Kim , Junyong Cheon , Bumsub Ham

Quantization is a key method for reducing the GPU memory requirement of training large language models (LLMs). Yet, current approaches are ineffective for 4-bit activations and 8-bit gradients, which would easily cause slow convergence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenxiang Lin , Juntao Huang , Luhan Zhang , Laili Li , Xiang Bao , Mengyang Zhang , Bing Wang , Shaohuai Shi