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Neural machine translation has become the state-of-the-art for language pairs with large parallel corpora. However, the quality of machine translation for low-resource languages leaves much to be desired. There are several approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Ilshat Gibadullin , Aidar Valeev , Albina Khusainova , Adil Khan

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Low-resource languages, by its very definition, tend to be under represented in the pre-training corpora of Large Language Models. In this work, we investigate three low-resource cross-lingual approaches that enable an LLM adapt to tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Vaibhav Singh , Amrith Krishna , Karthika NJ , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Aligning parallel sentences in multilingual corpora is essential to curating data for downstream applications such as Machine Translation. In this work, we present OneAligner, an alignment model specially designed for sentence retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Tong Niu , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong

Enhancing the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) attracts widespread attention. While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown superior performance for improving complex reasoning, its impact on cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shulin Huang , Yiran Ding , Junshu Pan , Yue Zhang

Neural machine translation is known to require large numbers of parallel training sentences, which generally prevent it from excelling on low-resource language pairs. This thesis explores the use of cross-lingual transfer learning on neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Tom Kocmi

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of modern natural language processing, with their capabilities extending across a wide range of applications and languages. However, the fine-tuning of multilingual LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wanru Zhao , Yihong Chen , Royson Lee , Xinchi Qiu , Yan Gao , Hongxiang Fan , Nicholas D. Lane

Modern NLP applications have enjoyed a great boost utilizing neural networks models. Such deep neural models, however, are not applicable to most human languages due to the lack of annotated training data for various NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Xilun Chen , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Hany Hassan , Wei Wang , Claire Cardie

LLM alignment ensures that large language models behave safely and effectively by aligning their outputs with human values, goals, and intentions. Aligning LLMs employ huge amounts of data, computation, and time. Moreover, curating data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amrit Khera , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

This study examines the cross-linguistic effectiveness of transfer learning for low-resource machine translation by fine-tuning models initially trained on typologically similar high-resource languages, using limited data from the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Saughmon Boujkian

Cross-lingual word embeddings aim to bridge the gap between high-resource and low-resource languages by allowing to learn multilingual word representations even without using any direct bilingual signal. The lion's share of the methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Magdalena Biesialska , Marta R. Costa-jussà

In this work, we investigate methods for the challenging task of translating between low-resource language pairs that exhibit some level of similarity. In particular, we consider the utility of transfer learning for translating between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Wei-Rui Chen , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large multilingual language models typically share their parameters across all languages, which enables cross-lingual task transfer, but learning can also be hindered when training updates from different languages are in conflict. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Rochelle Choenni , Dan Garrette , Ekaterina Shutova

Large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle with low-resource languages, primarily due to limited training data, translation noise, and unstable cross-lingual alignment. To address these challenges, we propose LiRA (Linguistic Robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haolin Li , Haipeng Zhang , Mang Li , Yaohua Wang , Lijie Wen , Yu Zhang , Biqing Huang

Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Anders Søgaard

In this survey, we systematically analyze techniques used to adapt large multimodal models (LMMs) for low-resource (LR) languages, examining approaches ranging from visual enhancement and data creation to cross-modal transfer and fusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marian Lupascu , Ana-Cristina Rogoz , Mihai Sorin Stupariu , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse languages. This study explores how LLMs handle multilingualism. Based on observed language ratio shifts among layers and the relationships between network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yiran Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing

Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) have recently gained popularity due to their surprising effectiveness in cross-lingual transfer. While there has been much work in evaluating these models for their performance on a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury

Word alignment over parallel corpora has a wide variety of applications, including learning translation lexicons, cross-lingual transfer of language processing tools, and automatic evaluation or analysis of translation outputs. The great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig

Multilingual models have been widely used for cross-lingual transfer to low-resource languages. However, the performance on these languages is hindered by their underrepresentation in the pretraining data. To alleviate this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Tomasz Limisiewicz , Dan Malkin , Gabriel Stanovsky