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Optimization strategies driven by machine learning, such as Bayesian optimization, are being explored across experimental sciences as an efficient alternative to traditional design of experiment. When combined with automated laboratory…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Riley J. Hickman , Matteo Aldeghi , Florian Häse , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Structural reliability analysis is concerned with estimation of the probability of a critical event taking place, described by $P(g(\textbf{X}) \leq 0)$ for some $n$-dimensional random variable $\textbf{X}$ and some real-valued function…

Computation · Statistics 2021-04-13 Christian Agrell , Kristina Rognlien Dahl

Most statistical tests for treatment effects used in randomized clinical trials with survival outcomes are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which often fails in practice. Data from early exploratory studies may provide evidence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-28 Andrea Arfé , Brian Alexander , Lorenzo Trippa

According to different typologies of activity and priority, risks can assume diverse meanings and it can be assessed in different ways. In general risk is measured in terms of a probability combination of an event (frequency) and its…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 C. E. Bonafede , P. Giudici

Evaluation plays a crucial role in the development of ranking algorithms on search and recommender systems. It enables online platforms to create user-friendly features that drive commercial success in a steady and effective manner. The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Qing Zhang , Alex Deng , Michelle Du , Huiji Gao , Liwei He , Sanjeev Katariya

Empirical likelihood is a popular nonparametric statistical tool that does not require any distributional assumptions. In this paper, we explore the possibility of conducting variable selection via Bayesian empirical likelihood. We show…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Yichen Cheng , Yichuan Zhao

Randomised field experiments, such as A/B testing, have long been the gold standard for evaluating the value that new software brings to customers. However, running randomised field experiments is not always desired, possible or even…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Yuchu Liu , David Issa Mattos , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson , Jonn Lantz

A/B testing plays a central role in data-driven product development, guiding launch decisions for new features and designs. However, treatment effect estimates are often noisy due to short horizons, early stopping, and slowly accumulating…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Xinran Li

Predictive variability due to data ambiguities has typically been addressed via construction of dedicated models with built-in probabilistic capabilities that are trained to predict uncertainty estimates as variables of interest. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Katarína Tóthová , Ľubor Ladický , Daniel Thul , Marc Pollefeys , Ender Konukoglu

Online platforms regularly conduct randomized experiments to understand how changes to the platform causally affect various outcomes of interest. However, experimentation on online platforms has been criticized for having, among other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Smitha Milli , Luca Belli , Moritz Hardt

A/B testing has become the cornerstone of decision-making in online markets, guiding how platforms launch new features, optimize pricing strategies, and improve user experience. In practice, we typically employ the pairwise $t$-test to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-29 Junpeng Gong , Chunkai Wang , Hao Li , Jinyong Ma , Haoxuan Li , Xu He

Bayesian inference is a widely used and powerful analytical technique in fields such as astronomy and particle physics but has historically been underutilized in some other disciplines including semiconductor devices. In this work, we…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-11-28 Rachel C. Kurchin , Giuseppe Romano , Tonio Buonassisi

Contact-tracing is an essential tool in order to mitigate the impact of pandemic such as the COVID-19. In order to achieve efficient and scalable contact-tracing in real time, digital devices can play an important role. While a lot of…

Randomized experimentation (also known as A/B testing or bucket testing) is widely used in the internet industry to measure the metric impact obtained by different treatment variants. A/B tests identify the treatment variant showing the…

Models with intractable likelihood functions arise in areas including network analysis and spatial statistics, especially those involving Gibbs random fields. Posterior parameter es timation in these settings is termed a doubly-intractable…

Computation · Statistics 2018-10-16 Lampros Bouranis , Nial Friel , Florian Maire

In recent years, researchers in decision analysis and artificial intelligence (Al) have used Bayesian belief networks to build models of expert opinion. Using standard methods drawn from the theory of computational complexity, workers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 R. Martin Chavez , Gregory F. Cooper

Clinical decision making is challenging because of pathological complexity, as well as large amounts of heterogeneous data generated as part of routine clinical care. In recent years, machine learning tools have been developed to aid this…

We are living in the big data era, as current technologies and networks allow for the easy and routine collection of data sets in different disciplines. Bayesian Statistics offers a flexible modeling approach which is attractive for…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-09 George Karabatsos , Fabrizio Leisen

We develop the theory and practice of an approach to modelling and probabilistic inference in causal networks that is suitable when application-specific or analysis-specific constraints should inform such inference or when little or no data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Paul Beaumont , Michael Huth

We develop and analyze empirical Bayes Stein-type estimators for use in the estimation of causal effects in large-scale online experiments. While online experiments are generally thought to be distinguished by their large sample size, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-15 Drew Dimmery , Eytan Bakshy , Jasjeet Sekhon