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Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping numerous facets of our daily lives, leading widespread adoption as web-based services. Despite their versatility, LLMs face notable challenges, such as generating hallucinated content and lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Minseok Kim , Hankook Lee , Hyungjoon Koo

Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Dennis Rall , Bernhard Bauer , Mohit Mittal , Thomas Fraunholz

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the complexity and volume of cybersecurity threats, necessitating the development of advanced, scalable, and interpretable security frameworks. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Sudipto Baral , Sajal Saha , Anwar Haque

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

As a massive number of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are deployed, the security and privacy issues in IoT arouse more and more attention. The IoT attacks are causing tremendous loss to the IoT networks and even threatening human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Tianbo Gu , Allaukik Abhishek , Hao Fu , Huanle Zhang , Debraj Basu , Prasant Mohapatra

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing tasks, particularly as chat agents. However, their applicability to threat detection problems remains unclear. This paper examines the feasibility of employing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Paul R. B. Houssel , Priyanka Singh , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have been two major emerging players in the information technology era. Although there has been significant coverage of their individual capabilities, our literature survey sheds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Kushal Khatiwada , Jayden Hopper , Joseph Cheatham , Ayan Joshi , Sabur Baidya

As the internet continues to be populated with new devices and emerging technologies, the attack surface grows exponentially. Technology is shifting towards a profit-driven Internet of Things market where security is an afterthought.…

The Internet of things (IoT) is still in its infancy and has attracted much interest in many industrial sectors including medical fields, logistics tracking, smart cities and automobiles. However as a paradigm, it is susceptible to a range…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Elike Hodo , Xavier Bellekens , Andrew Hamilton , Pierre-louis Dubouilh , Ephraim Iorkyase , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Ensuring the security of large language models (LLMs) is an ongoing challenge despite their widespread popularity. Developers work to enhance LLMs security, but vulnerabilities persist, even in advanced versions like GPT-4. Attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Aysan Esmradi , Daniel Wankit Yip , Chun Fai Chan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate LLM hallucinations and enhance their performance in knowledge-intensive domains. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial poisoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhengxin Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Ensuring the reliability of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems remains a critical challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, particularly as data poisoning attacks increasingly threaten the integrity of model…

The Internet of Things (IoT) and massive IoT systems are key to sixth-generation (6G) networks due to dense connectivity, ultra-reliability, low latency, and high throughput. Artificial intelligence, including deep learning and machine…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Bui Duc Son , Nguyen Tien Hoa , Trinh Van Chien , Waqas Khalid , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Wan Choi , Merouane Debbah

Machine learning finds rich applications in Internet of Things (IoT) networks such as information retrieval, traffic management, spectrum sensing, and signal authentication. While there is a surge of interest to understand the security…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Yalin E. Sagduyu , Yi Shi , Tugba Erpek

As the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices continues to rise in enterprise environments, the need for effective and efficient security measures becomes increasingly critical. This paper presents a cost-efficient platform to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Carlos A. Rivera A. , Arash Shaghaghi , Gustavo Batista , Salil S. Kanhere

While the benefits of 6G-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) are numerous, providing high-speed, low-latency communication that brings new opportunities for innovation and forms the foundation for continued growth in the IoT industry, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Djallel Hamouda , Merouane Debbah , Leandros Maglaras , Abderrahmane Lakas

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the capabilities of modern large language models (LLMs), by anchoring, adapting, and personalizing their responses to the most relevant knowledge sources. It is particularly useful in chatbot…

This paper presents a novel approach to intrusion detection by integrating traditional signature-based methods with the contextual understanding capabilities of the GPT-2 Large Language Model (LLM). As cyber threats become increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mohammad F. Al-Hammouri , Yazan Otoum , Rasha Atwa , Amiya Nayak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed human-machine interaction since ChatGPT's 2022 debut, with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) emerging as a key framework that enhances LLM outputs by integrating external knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alberto Castagnaro , Umberto Salviati , Mauro Conti , Luca Pajola , Simeone Pizzi