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Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) scales poorly in cooperative multi-agent domains because expansion must consider an exponentially large set of joint actions, severely limiting exploration under realistic search budgets. We propose NonZero,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Sizhe Tang , Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)-based algorithms, such as MuZero and its derivatives, have achieved widespread success in various decision-making domains. These algorithms employ the reanalyze process to enhance sample efficiency from stale…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Chunyu Xuan , Yazhe Niu , Yuan Pu , Shuai Hu , Yu Liu , Jing Yang

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has proven highly effective in solving complex planning tasks by balancing exploration and exploitation using Upper Confidence Bound for Trees (UCT). However, existing work have not considered MCTS-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zuyuan Zhang , Tian Lan

Building agents based on tree-search planning capabilities with learned models has achieved remarkable success in classic decision-making problems, such as Go and Atari. However, it has been deemed challenging or even infeasible to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yazhe Niu , Yuan Pu , Zhenjie Yang , Xueyan Li , Tong Zhou , Jiyuan Ren , Shuai Hu , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

We present TransZero, a model-based reinforcement learning algorithm that removes the sequential bottleneck in Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Unlike MuZero, which constructs its search tree step by step using a recurrent dynamics model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Emil Malmsten , Wendelin Böhmer

The combination of Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) with deep reinforcement learning has led to significant advances in artificial intelligence. However, AlphaZero, the current state-of-the-art MCTS algorithm, still relies on handcrafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Jean-Bastien Grill , Florent Altché , Yunhao Tang , Thomas Hubert , Michal Valko , Ioannis Antonoglou , Rémi Munos

Symbolic regression aims to discover concise, interpretable mathematical expressions that satisfy desired objectives, such as fitting data, posing a highly combinatorial optimization problem. While genetic programming has been the dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Zhengyao Huang , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Tiannan Xiao , Dina Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Hao Shi , Yuanhui Wen

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a family of sampling-based search algorithms widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains and at the heart of many recent advances in artificial intelligence. Understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiyu Qian , Tim Miller , Zheng Qian , Liyuan Zhao

In this work we study a well-known and challenging problem of Multi-agent Pathfinding, when a set of agents is confined to a graph, each agent is assigned a unique start and goal vertices and the task is to find a set of collision-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yelisey Pitanov , Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

AlphaZero, using a combination of Deep Neural Networks and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), has successfully trained reinforcement learning agents in a tabula-rasa way. The neural MCTS algorithm has been successful in finding near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Prashank Kadam , Ruiyang Xu , Karl Lieberherr

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has been successful in a variety of domains, but faces challenges with long-horizon exploration when compared to sampling-based motion planning algorithms like Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Liam Schramm , Abdeslam Boularias

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful algorithm for solving complex decision-making problems. This paper presents an optimized MCTS implementation applied to the FrozenLake environment, a classic reinforcement learning task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Esteban Aldana Guerra

Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are essential to sequential decision making. The recent AlphaGo and AlphaZero algorithms have shown how to successfully combine these two paradigms in order to solve large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has showcased its efficacy across a broad spectrum of decision-making problems. However, its performance often degrades under vast combinatorial action space, especially where an action is composed of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yunhyeok Kwak , Inwoo Hwang , Dooyoung Kim , Sanghack Lee , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is particularly adapted to domains where the potential actions can be represented as a tree of sequential decisions. For an effective action selection, MCTS performs many simulations to build a reliable tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Seydou Ba , Takuya Hiraoka , Takashi Onishi , Toru Nakata , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in automating machine learning tasks. However, existing LLM-based agents often struggle with low-diversity and suboptimal code generation. While recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zujie Liang , Feng Wei , Wujiang Xu , Lin Chen , Yuxi Qian , Xinhui Wu

Many robotic tasks, such as inverse kinematics, motion planning, and optimal control, can be formulated as optimization problems. Solving these problems involves addressing nonlinear kinematics, complex contact dynamics, long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Teng Xue , Yan Zhang , Amirreza Razmjoo , Sylvain Calinon

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an immensely popular search-based framework used for decision making. It is traditionally applied to domains where a perfect simulation model of the environment is available. We study and improve MCTS in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Farnaz Kohankhaki , Kiarash Aghakasiri , Hongming Zhang , Ting-Han Wei , Chao Gao , Martin Müller

Autonomous driving holds promise for increased safety, optimized traffic management, and a new level of convenience in transportation. While model-based reinforcement learning approaches such as MuZero enables long-term planning, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tong Zhou , Erli Lyu , Jiaole Wang , Guangdu Cen , Ziqi Zha , Senmao Qi , Max Q. -H. Meng

In this work, we consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of infinite-horizon discounted cost Markov Decision Process (MDP). While…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-14 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie , Zhi Xu
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