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Classical simulations of quantum circuits are vital for assessing potential quantum advantage and benchmarking devices, yet they require sophisticated methods to avoid the exponential growth of resources. Tensor network approaches, in…

We present Quantum Depth Compression (QDC), a general compilation framework that utilizes dynamic circuits to reduce arbitrary quantum circuits to depth linear in the number of non-Clifford gates and to grid connectivity without the need…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Benjamin Hall , Palash Goiporia , Rich Rines

Quantum computers must meet extremely stringent qualitative and quantitative requirements on their qubits in order to solve real-life problems. Quantum circuit fragmentation techniques divide a large quantum circuit into a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Saikat Basu , Arnav Das , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

NOTE: PAPER WITHDRAWN (See Comments) The Clifford and Local Clifford groups for $d > 2$ dimensional systems have been topics of recent interest due to their applications in graph states, quantum codes, and possible applications in fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-07 Jacob Farinholt

Due to the unreliability and limited capacity of existing quantum computer prototypes, quantum circuit simulation continues to be a vital tool for validating next generation quantum computers and for studying variational quantum algorithms,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Yipeng Huang , Steven Holtzen , Todd Millstein , Guy Van den Broeck , Margaret Martonosi

It is imperative that useful quantum computers be very difficult to simulate classically; otherwise classical computers could be used for the applications envisioned for the quantum ones. Perfect quantum computers are unarguably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Yiqing Zhou , E. Miles Stoudenmire , Xavier Waintal

We consider recent works on the simulation of quantum circuits using the formalism of matrix product states and the formalism of contracting tensor networks. We provide simplified direct proofs of many of these results, extending an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard Jozsa

Gottesman-Knill theorem states that computations on stabilizer circuits can be simulated on a classical computer, conventional simulation algorithms extensively use linear algebra over bit strings. For instance, given a non-adaptive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Vsevolod I. Yashin

We show how to efficiently simulate a quantum many-body system with tree structure when its entanglement is bounded for any bipartite split along an edge of the tree. This is achieved by expanding the {\em time-evolving block decimation}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Yaoyun Shi , Luming Duan , Guifre Vidal

We construct a completely analog framework that emulates universal quantum gates and quantum algorithms. It is based on electronic circuits made of operational amplifiers, resistors and capacitors. In these circuits, input and output lines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Samuel Feldman , Hassam Ghazali , Andrey Rogachev

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

In order to evaluate, validate, and refine the design of new quantum algorithms or quantum computers, researchers and developers need methods to assess their correctness and fidelity. This requires the capabilities of quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-16 Xin-Chuan Wu , Sheng Di , Franck Cappello , Hal Finkel , Yuri Alexeev , Frederic T. Chong

Assuming the polynomial hierarchy is infinite, we prove a sufficient condition for determining if uniform and polynomial size quantum circuits over a non-universal gate set are not efficiently classically simulable in the weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Chaitanya Karamchedu , Matthew Fox , Daniel Gottesman

In this work we establish lower bounds on the size of Clifford circuits that measure a family of commuting Pauli operators. Our bounds depend on the interplay between a pair of graphs: the Tanner graph of the set of measured Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 Nicolas Delfosse , Michael E. Beverland , Maxime A. Tremblay

Simulating quantum dynamics on classical computers is challenging for large systems due to the significant memory requirements. Simulation on quantum computers is a promising alternative, but fully optimizing quantum circuits to minimize…

Quantum variational circuits have gained significant attention due to their applications in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm and quantum machine learning research. This work introduces a novel class of classical probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Gal Weitz , Lirandë Pira , Chris Ferrie , Joshua Combes

We propose a general method for preparing stabilizer states with reduced two-qubit gate count and depth compared to the state of the art. The method starts from a graph state representation of the stabilizer state and iteratively reduces…

Optimising quantum circuits to minimise resource usage is crucial, especially with near-term hardware limited by quantum volume. This paper introduces an optimisation algorithm aiming to minimise non-Clifford gate count and two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-29 Calum Holker

We present an initialisation method for variational quantum algorithms applicable to intermediate scale quantum computers. The method uses simulated annealing of the efficiently simulable Clifford parameter points as a pre-optimisation to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 M. H. Cheng , K. E. Khosla , C. N. Self , M. Lin , B. X. Li , A. C. Medina , M. S. Kim

The recently proposed Clifford Circuits Augmented Matrix Product States (CA-MPS) (arXiv:2405.09217) seamlessly augments Density Matrix Renormalization Group with Clifford circuits. In CA-MPS, the entanglement from stabilizers is transferred…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-07-04 Xiangjian Qian , Jiale Huang , Mingpu Qin