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Stabilizer simulation can efficiently simulate an important class of quantum circuits consisting exclusively of Clifford gates. However, all existing extensions of this simulation to arbitrary quantum circuits including non-Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Benjamin Bichsel , Anouk Paradis , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Using the tensor product representation in the density matrix renormalization group, we show that a quantum circuit of Grover's algorithm, which has one-qubit unitary gates, generalized Toffoli gates, and projective measurements, can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kawaguchi , K. Shimizu , Y. Tokura , N. Imoto

Understanding the boundary between classical simulatability and the power of quantum computation is a fascinating topic. Direct simulation of noisy quantum computation requires solving an open quantum many-body system, which is very costly.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Xun Gao , Luming Duan

Efficient methods for the representation and simulation of quantum states and quantum operations are crucial for the optimization of quantum circuits. Decision diagrams (DDs), a well-studied data structure originally used to represent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Lieuwe Vinkhuijzen , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss , Vedran Dunjko , Alfons Laarman

In a recent work a quantum error mitigation protocol was applied to the expectation values obtained from circuits on the IBM Eagle quantum processor with up $127$ - qubits with up to $60 \; - \; \mbox{CNOT}$ layers. To benchmark the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Sajant Anand , Kristan Temme , Abhinav Kandala , Michael Zaletel

We propose a new framework of topological complexity to study the computational complexity of quantum circuits and tensor networks. Within this framework, we establish the Quon Classical Simulation (QCS) for hybrid Clifford-Matchgate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Zixuan Feng , Zhengwei Liu , Fan Lu , Ningfeng Wang

For random quantum circuits on $n$ qubits of depth $\Theta(\log n)$ with depolarizing noise, the task of sampling from the output state can be efficiently performed classically using a Pauli path method [Aharonov et al. Proceedings of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Guillermo González-García , J. Ignacio Cirac , Rahul Trivedi

Quantum-mechanical phenomena are playing an increasing role in information processing, as transistor sizes approach the nanometer level, and quantum circuits and data encoding methods appear in the securest forms of communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 George F. Viamontes , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

Quantum chemistry and materials science are among the most promising areas for demonstrating algorithmic quantum advantage and quantum utility due to their inherent quantum mechanical nature. Still, large-scale simulations of quantum…

A quantum circuit may be strongly classically simulated with the aid of ZX-calculus by decomposing its $t$ T-gates into a sum of $2^{\alpha t}$ classically computable stabiliser terms. In this paper, we introduce a general procedure to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Matthew Sutcliffe , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical for harnessing the potential of near-term quantum devices. Particularly, QEM protocols can be designed based on machine learning, where the mapping between noisy computational outputs and ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Ruiqi Zhang , Yuguo Shao , Fuchuan Wei , Song Cheng , Zhaohui Wei , Zhengwei Liu

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

Preparing a quantum circuit that implements a given sparse state is an important building block that is necessary for many different quantum algorithms. In the context of fault-tolerant quantum computing, the so-called non-Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Renaud Vilmart , Sunheang Ty , Chetra Mang

The vast and complicated large-qubit state space forbids us to comprehensively capture the dynamics of modern quantum computers via classical simulations or quantum tomography. Recent progress in quantum learning theory prompts a crucial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Yuxuan Du , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao

We develop and analyze a method for simulating quantum circuits on classical computers by representing quantum states as rooted tree tensor networks. Our algorithm first determines a suitable, fixed tree structure adapted to the expected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Philipp Seitz , Ismael Medina , Esther Cruz , Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl

By the Gottesman-Knill Theorem, the outcome probabilities of Clifford circuits can be computed efficiently. We present an alternative proof of this result for quopit Clifford circuits (i.e., Clifford circuits on collections of $p$-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Dax Enshan Koh , Mark D. Penney , Robert W. Spekkens

The present paper is concerned with the concept of the one-way quantum computer, beyond binary-systems, and its relation to the concept of stabilizer quantum codes. This relation is exploited to analyze a particular class of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Schlingemann

While thousands of experimental physicists and chemists are currently trying to build scalable quantum computers, it appears that simulation of quantum computation will be at least as critical as circuit simulation in classical VLSI design.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 George F. Viamontes , Manoj Rajagopalan , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

We construct a classical algorithm that designs quantum circuits for algorithmic quantum simulation of arbitrary qudit channels on fault-tolerant quantum computers within a pre-specified error tolerance with respect to diamond-norm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-23 Dong-Sheng Wang , Barry C. Sanders

The performance of quantum algorithms for ground-state energy estimation is directly impacted by the quality of the initial state, where quality is traditionally defined in terms of the overlap of the input state with the target state. An…