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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a promising technique to enable and enhance future wireless communications due to its potential to engineer the wireless channels in a cost-effective manner. Extensive research…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves. In the prior literature, the inter-RIS links…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Kaizhe Xu , Jiajia Guo , Jun Zhang , Shi Jin , Shaodan Ma

Deploying multiple beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) can potentially improve the communication performance thanks to inter-element connections of each BD-RIS and inter-surface cooperative beamforming gain among…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Liang Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology to enhance wireless communication in terms of energy cost and system performance by equipping a considerable quantity of nearly passive reflecting elements. This study…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Jun Zhang , Jie Liu , Shaodan Ma , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) enable smart wireless environments by dynamically controlling signal propagation to enhance communication and localization. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can act as flying base stations and thus,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Anupam Mondal , Priyadarshi Mukherjee , Sasthi C. Ghosh

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a key technology to control the communication environment in future wireless networks. Recently, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) emerged as a generalization of RIS achieving larger coverage through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Matteo Nerini , Golsa Ghiaasi , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which enables advanced wave control through interconnection of RIS elements, are gaining growing recognition as a promising technology for 6G and beyond. However, the enhanced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao , Bruno Clerckx

A double self-sustainable reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) assisted multi-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is investigated. Two RISs are equipped with energy harvesting circuit to achieve self-sustainable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Ji Wang , Suhong Luo , Yixuan Li , Wenwu Xie , Xingwang Li , Arumugam Nallanathan

This work explores the integration of rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), and beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) to enhance the spectral-efficiency,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Muhammad Asif , Zain Ali , Asim Ihsan , Ali Ranjha , Zhu Shoujin , Manzoor Ahmed , Xingwang Li , Symeon Chatzinotas

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

This paper proposes a general optimization framework for rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) in beyond diagonal (BD) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) systems. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Mohammad Soleymani , Ignacio Santamaria , Eduard Jorswieck , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) represent a new technology that can shape the radio wave propagation and thus offers a great variety of possible performance and implementation gains. Motivated by this, we investigate the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Nemanja Stefan Perović , Le-Nam Tran , Marco Di Renzo , Mark F. Flanagan

In the realm of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication systems, the connection between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) is formed by a cascaded channel, merging the BS-RIS and RIS-UE channels. Due to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Yiming Cui , Jiajia Guo , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

The plethora of wirelessly connected devices, whose deployment density is expected to largely increase in the upcoming sixth Generation (6G) of wireless networks, will naturally necessitate substantial advances in multiple access schemes.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Paolo Di Lorenzo , George C. Alexandropoulos

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) hold significant promise for enhancing physical layer security (PLS). However, conventional RISs are typically modeled using diagonal scattering matrices, capturing only independent reflections…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Weijie Xiong , Jingran Lin , Cunhua Pan , Yilong Zeng , Qiang Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a newly-emerged technology that might fundamentally change how wireless networks are operated. Though extensively studied in recent years, the practical limitations of RIS are often neglected when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Parisa Ramezani , Yasaman Khorsandmanesh , Emil Björnson

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an advancement and generalization of the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable interconnections between RIS elements, enabling smarter wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Yiyang Peng , Hongyu Li , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an innovative and generalized RIS framework that provides greater flexibility in wave manipulation and enhanced coverage. In comparison to conventional RIS,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Shreya Khisa , Ali Amhaz , Mohamed Elhattab , Chadi Assi , Sanaa Sharafeddine