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Hate speech detection on Twitter is critical for applications like controversial event extraction, building AI chatterbots, content recommendation, and sentiment analysis. We define this task as being able to classify a tweet as racist,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Pinkesh Badjatiya , Shashank Gupta , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in self-supervised learning (SSL) methods for speech-processing tasks. Various speech-based SSL models have been developed and present promising performance on a range of downstream tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Guanrou Yang , Ziyang Ma , Zhisheng Zheng , Yakun Song , Zhikang Niu , Xie Chen

Counterspeech has proven to be a powerful tool to combat hate speech online. Previous studies have focused on generating counterspeech conditioned only on specific intents (single attributed). However, a holistic approach considering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aswini Kumar , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Cyberbullying is a prevalent and growing social problem due to the surge of social media technology usage. Minorities, women, and adolescents are among the common victims of cyberbullying. Despite the advancement of NLP technologies, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Thushari Atapattu , Mahen Herath , Georgia Zhang , Katrina Falkner

While pre-training and fine-tuning, e.g., BERT~\citep{devlin2018bert}, GPT-2~\citep{radford2019language}, have achieved great success in language understanding and generation tasks, the pre-trained models are usually too big for online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Kaitao Song , Hao Sun , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Jianfeng Lu , Hongzhi Liu , Tie-Yan Liu

This paper describes our approach to the Toxic Spans Detection problem (SemEval-2021 Task 5). We propose BERToxic, a system that fine-tunes a pre-trained BERT model to locate toxic text spans in a given text and utilizes additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Yakoob Khan , Weicheng Ma , Soroush Vosoughi

With the ever-growing presence of social media platforms comes the increased spread of harmful content and the need for robust hate speech detection systems. Such systems easily overfit to specific targets and keywords, and evaluating them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Maike Züfle , Verna Dankers , Ivan Titov

Developing a system to detect online offensive language is very important to the health and the security of online users. Studies have shown that cyberhate, online harassment and other misuses of technology are on the rise, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Fatemah Husain , Ozlem Uzuner

We propose a practical scheme to train a single multilingual sequence labeling model that yields state of the art results and is small and fast enough to run on a single CPU. Starting from a public multilingual BERT checkpoint, our final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Henry Tsai , Jason Riesa , Melvin Johnson , Naveen Arivazhagan , Xin Li , Amelia Archer

Previous work on home router security has shown that using system calls to train a transformer-based language model built on a BERT-style encoder using contrastive learning is effective in detecting several types of malware, but the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 John Carter , Spiros Mancoridis , Pavlos Protopapas , Brian Mitchell , Benji Lilley

Increasing model size when pretraining natural language representations often results in improved performance on downstream tasks. However, at some point further model increases become harder due to GPU/TPU memory limitations and longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Zhenzhong Lan , Mingda Chen , Sebastian Goodman , Kevin Gimpel , Piyush Sharma , Radu Soricut

Hate speech is harmful content that directly attacks or promotes hatred against members of groups or individuals based on actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as racism, religion, or sexual orientation. This can affect social life…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Arijit Das , Somashree Nandy , Rupam Saha , Srijan Das , Diganta Saha

Hate speech classification has been a long-standing problem in natural language processing. However, even though there are numerous hate speech detection methods, they usually overlook a lot of hateful statements due to them being implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Debaditya Pal , Kaustubh Chaudhari , Harsh Sharma

We study whether large-scale unlabelled web data and LLM-based synthetic annotations can improve multilingual hate speech detection. Starting from texts crawled via OpenWebSearch.eu~(OWS) in four languages (English, German, Spanish,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dang H. Dang , Jelena Mitrovi , Michael Granitzer

Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Xing , Qi Chai , Jie Ma , Jing Tao , Pinghui Wang , Shuming Zhang , Xinping Wang , Hao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently reproduce the gender- and sexual-identity prejudices embedded in their training corpora, leading to outputs that marginalize LGBTQIA+ users. Hence, reducing such biases is of great importance. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Maluna Menke , Thilo Hagendorff

Fine-tuning of pre-trained transformer networks such as BERT yield state-of-the-art results for text classification tasks. Typically, fine-tuning is performed on task-specific training datasets in a supervised manner. One can also fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Gregor Wiedemann , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann

In the current era of the internet, where social media platforms are easily accessible for everyone, people often have to deal with threats, identity attacks, hate, and bullying due to their association with a cast, creed, gender, religion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zaki Mustafa Farooqi , Sreyan Ghosh , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Large pre-trained language models have recently gained significant traction due to their improved performance on various down-stream tasks like text classification and question answering, requiring only few epochs of fine-tuning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Souvik Kundu , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Maciej Szankin , Sairam Sundaresan