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Conventional preference learning methods often prioritize opinions held more widely when aggregating preferences from multiple evaluators. This may result in policies that are biased in favor of some types of opinions or groups and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kihyun Kim , Jiawei Zhang , Asuman Ozdaglar , Pablo A. Parrilo

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is an increasingly critical step in post-training. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a simple, yet effective alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yifan Wang , Runjin Chen , Bolian Li , David Cho , Yihe Deng , Ruqi Zhang , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Ananth Grama , Junyuan Hong

Large language models are increasingly used as personal assistants, yet most lack a persistent user model, forcing users to repeatedly restate preferences across sessions. We propose Vector-Adapted Retrieval Scoring (VARS), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuren Hao , Shuhaib Mehri , ChengXiang Zhai , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has the promise of providing data-driven support for decision-making in a wide range of problems in healthcare, education, business, and other domains. Classical RL methods focus on the mean of the total return…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Elynn Y. Chen , Rui Song , Michael I. Jordan

Developing high-quality text-to-speech (TTS) systems for low-resource languages is challenging due to the scarcity of paired text and speech data. In contrast, automatic speech recognition (ASR) models for such languages are often more…

The development of largely human-annotated benchmarks has driven the success of deep neural networks in various NLP tasks. To enhance the effectiveness of existing benchmarks, collecting new additional input-output pairs is often too costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Jaehyung Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Dongyeop Kang

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

Aligning language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning from human feedback is crucial for their safe and effective deployment. The human preference is typically represented through comparison where one response is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hoang Anh Just , Ming Jin , Anit Sahu , Huy Phan , Ruoxi Jia

Learning from preference feedback is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and improving the quality of generated responses. However, existing preference learning methods rely heavily on curated data from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zhaoxuan Tan , Zheng Li , Tianyi Liu , Haodong Wang , Hyokun Yun , Ming Zeng , Pei Chen , Zhihan Zhang , Yifan Gao , Ruijie Wang , Priyanka Nigam , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

Large foundation models pretrained on raw web-scale data are not readily deployable without additional step of extensive alignment to human preferences. Such alignment is typically done by collecting large amounts of pairwise comparisons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Daiwei Chen , Yi Chen , Aniket Rege , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

Applications designed for entertainment and other non-instrumental purposes are challenging to optimize because the relationships between system parameters and user experience can be unclear. Ideally, we would crowdsource these design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Alan Medlar , Jing Li , Yang Liu , Dorota Glowacka

Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Pluralistic alignment is typically operationalised as preference aggregation: producing responses that span (Overton), steer toward (Steerable), or proportionally represent (Distributional) diverse human values. We argue that aggregation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Varad Vishwarupe , Nigel Shadbolt , Marina Jirotka

Traditional language model alignment methods, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), are limited by their dependence on static, pre-collected paired preference data, which hampers their adaptability and practical applicability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yujia Xie , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Personalized conversation models (PCMs) generate responses according to speaker preferences. Existing personalized conversation tasks typically require models to extract speaker preferences from user descriptions or their conversation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Zhiliang Tian , Wei Bi , Zihan Zhang , Dongkyu Lee , Yiping Song , Nevin L. Zhang

Preference optimization methods such as DPO and KTO are widely used for aligning language models, yet little is understood about what properties of preference data drive downstream reasoning gains. We ask: what aspects of a preference pair…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Mingyang Zhou , Renkun Ni , Zelei Cheng , Sihui Dai , Supriyo Chakraborty , Shixiong Zhang , Sambit Sahu , William Campbell

In this work, we introduce a methodology for alignment designed to enhance the ability of large language models (LLMs) to articulate their reasoning (self-explanation) even in the absence of annotated rationale explanations. Our alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Luis Felipe Villa-Arenas , Ata Nizamoglu , Qianli Wang , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

Understanding what users like is relatively straightforward; understanding what users dislike, however, remains a challenging and underexplored problem. Research into users' negative preferences has gained increasing importance in modern…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Xinda Chen , Jiawei Wu , Yishuang Liu , Jialin Zhu , Shuwen Xiao , Junjun Zheng , Xiangheng Kong , Yuning Jiang

The dominant framework for alignment of large language models (LLM), whether through reinforcement learning from human feedback or direct preference optimisation, is to learn from preference data. This involves building datasets where each…