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Prevalent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically built upon Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and demonstrate exceptional proficiency in semantic understanding, but they inherently lack the capability to deduce physical…

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) represent a significant frontier in embodied intelligence, aiming to bridge digital knowledge with physical-world interaction. Despite their remarkable performance, foundational VLAs are hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhaoshu Yu , Bo Wang , Pengpeng Zeng , Haonan Zhang , Ji Zhang , Zheng Wang , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Nicu Sebe , Heng Tao Shen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are formulated to ground instructions in visual context and generate action sequences for robotic manipulation. Despite recent progress, VLA models still face challenges in learning related and reusable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ziyue Zhu , Shangyang Wu , Shuai Zhao , Zhiqiu Zhao , Shengjie Li , Yi Wang , Fang Li , Haoran Luo

LIBERO has emerged as a widely adopted benchmark for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models; however, its current training and evaluation settings are problematic, often leading to inflated performance estimates and preventing fair…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xueyang Zhou , Yangming Xu , Guiyao Tie , Yongchao Chen , Guowen Zhang , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

The emerging field of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) for humanoid robots faces several fundamental challenges, including the high cost of data acquisition, the lack of a standardized benchmark, and the significant gap between simulation and…

We present, to our knowledge, the first sign language-driven Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework for intuitive and inclusive human-robot interaction. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on gloss annotations as intermediate…

While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable success in robotic manipulation, their application has largely been confined to low-degree-of-freedom end-effectors performing simple, vision-guided pick-and-place…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tutian Tang , Xingyu Ji , Wanli Xing , Ce Hao , Wenqiang Xu , Lin Shao , Cewu Lu , Qiaojun Yu , Jiangmiao Pang , Kaifeng Zhang

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) show potential as generalist robot policies. However, these models pose extreme safety challenges during real-world deployment, including the risk of harm to the environment, the robot itself, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Borong Zhang , Yuhao Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yingshan Lei , Yishuai Cai , Josef Dai , Yuanpei Chen , Yaodong Yang

Recent advances in vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise in integrating image generation with action prediction to improve generalization and reasoning in robot manipulation. However, existing methods are limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenyao Zhang , Hongsi Liu , Zekun Qi , Yunnan Wang , Xinqiang Yu , Jiazhao Zhang , Runpei Dong , Jiawei He , Fan Lu , He Wang , Zhizheng Zhang , Li Yi , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance in robotic manipulation, yet their closed-loop deployment is hindered by the high latency and compute cost of repeatedly running large vision-language backbones at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenda Yu , Tianshi Wang , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Lei Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are promising for generalist robot manipulation but remain brittle in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, especially with limited real-robot data. To resolve the generalization bottleneck, we introduce a…

Most existing vision-language-action (VLA) models for robotic manipulation lack progress awareness, typically relying on hand-crafted heuristics for task termination. This limitation is particularly severe in long-horizon tasks involving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongyu Yan , Qiwei Li , Jiaolong Yang , Yadong Mu

Embodied intelligence is often studied through specialized models for individual tasks such as manipulation or navigation, resulting in fragmented capabilities and limited generalization across tasks, environments, and robot embodiments. In…

As aerial platforms evolve from passive observers to active manipulators, the challenge shifts toward designing intuitive interfaces that allow non-expert users to command these systems naturally. This work introduces a novel concept of…

Robots deployed in dynamic environments must be able to not only follow diverse language instructions but flexibly adapt when user intent changes mid-execution. While recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have advanced multi-task…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Meng Li , Zhen Zhao , Zhengping Che , Fei Liao , Kun Wu , Zhiyuan Xu , Pei Ren , Zhao Jin , Ning Liu , Jian Tang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by leveraging pre-trained vision-language representations. However, current VLA training methods suffer from two critical limitations: poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruofan Jin , Zaixi Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

The Vision-Language-Action models (VLA) have achieved significant advances in robotic manipulation recently. However, vision-only VLA models create fundamental limitations, particularly in perceiving interactive and manipulation dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Xiangyi Wei , Haotian Zhang , Xinyi Cao , Siyu Xie , Weifeng Ge , Yang Li , Changbo Wang

Trustworthy robot behavior requires not only high levels of task success but also that the robot can reliably quantify how likely it is to succeed. To this end, we present a first-of-its-kind study of confidence calibration in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thomas P Zollo , Richard Zemel

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models achieve strong performance in robotic manipulation by leveraging pre-trained vision-language backbones. However, in downstream robotic settings, they are typically fine-tuned with limited data, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chanyoung Kim , Minwoo Kim , Minseok Kang , Hyunwoo Kim , Dahuin Jung