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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), with their inherent recurrence, offer an efficient method for processing the asynchronous temporal data generated by Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS), making them well-suited for event-based vision applications.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Deepika Sharma , Shubham Negi , Trishit Dutta , Amogh Agrawal , Kaushik Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and transformers represent two powerful paradigms in neural computation, known for their low power consumption and ability to capture feature dependencies, respectively. However, transformer architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ching-Yao Chen , Meng-Chieh Chen , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Advances in solid-state technology have enabled the development of silicon photomultiplier sensor arrays capable of sensing individual photons. Combined with high-frequency time-to-digital converters (TDCs), this technology opens up the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Ewout van den Berg , Emmanuel Candes , Garry Chinn , Craig Levin , Peter Olcott , Carlos Sing-Long

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in optical wireless communication (OWC). SPAD operates in the Geiger mode and can act as a photon counting receiver obviating the need for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Shenjie Huang , Yichen Li , Cheng Chen , Mohammad Dehghani Soltani , Robert Henderson , Majid Safari , Harald Haas

Single-photon detector (SPD), an essential building block of the quantum communication system, plays a fundamental role in developing next-generation quantum technologies. In this work, we propose an efficient modeling workflow of nanowire…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Zhe Li , H. Hoe Tan , Chennupati Jagadish , Lan Fu

Neuromorphic computing, which exploits Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on neuromorphic chips, is a promising energy-efficient alternative to traditional AI. CNN-based SNNs are the current mainstream of neuromorphic computing. By contrast, no…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Man Yao , Jiakui Hu , Tianxiang Hu , Yifan Xu , Zhaokun Zhou , Yonghong Tian , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

This paper presents a spiking neural network (SNN) accelerator made using fully open-source EDA tools, process design kit (PDK), and memory macros synthesized using OpenRAM. The chip is taped out in the 130 nm SkyWater process and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Farhad Modaresi , Matthew Guthaus , Jason K. Eshraghian

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are a rapidly developing image sensing technology with extreme low-light sensitivity and picosecond timing resolution. These unique capabilities have enabled SPADs to be used in applications like…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-16 Trevor Seets , Atul Ingle , Martin Laurenzis , Andreas Velten

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a class of network models capable of processing spatiotemporal information, with event-driven characteristics and energy efficiency advantages. Recently, directly trained SNNs have shown potential to match…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Huaxu He

Experimental studies support the notion of spike-based neuronal information processing in the brain, with neural circuits exhibiting a wide range of temporally-based coding strategies to rapidly and efficiently represent sensory stimuli.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Tokenizers are a key component of state-of-the-art generative image models, extracting the most important features from the signal while reducing data dimension and redundancy. Most current tokenizers are based on KL-regularized variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Théophane Vallaeys , Jakob Verbeek , Matthieu Cord

Due to the high activation sparsity and use of accumulates (AC) instead of expensive multiply-and-accumulates (MAC), neuromorphic spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising low-power alternative to traditional DNNs for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Gourav Datta , Zeyu Liu , Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser , Souvik Kundu , Joe Mathai , Zihan Yin , Ajey P. Jacob , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal , Peter A. Beerel

Traditional CMOS sensors suffer from restricted dynamic range and sub optimal performance under extreme lighting conditions. They are affected by electronic noise in low light conditions and pixel saturation while capturing high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-18 Sumit Sharma , Girish Rongali , Kaushik Mitra

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have advantages in latency and energy efficiency over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to its event-driven computation mechanism and replacement of energy-consuming weight multiplications with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Zhehui Wang , Xiaozhe Gu , Rick Goh , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Tao Luo

Object detection in autonomous driving suffers from motion blur and saturation under fast motion and extreme lighting. Spike cameras, offer microsecond latency and ultra high dynamic range for object detection by using per pixel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ziyan Liu , Qi Su , Lulu Tang , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise high energy efficiency, particularly with time-to-first-spike (TTFS) encoding, which maximizes sparsity by emitting at most one spike per neuron. However, such energy advantage is often unrealized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhanglu Yan , Jiayi Mao , Qianhui Liu , Fanfan Li , Gang Pan , Tao Luo , Bowen Zhu , Weng-Fai Wong

In this work we investigate operation in the Geiger mode of the new single photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 manufactured by Laser Components. This SPAD is sensitive in the range 400-1000nm and has a conventional reach-through…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-03-14 M. Stipcevic , H. Skenderovic , D. Gracin

Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted attention for their event-driven characteristics and high energy efficiency. However, the temporal dependency and irregularity of spikes present significant challenges for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Kainan Wang , Chengyi Yang , Chengting Yu , Yee Sin Ang , Bo Wang , Aili Wang

Implantable Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are promising for motor rehabilitation and mobility augmentation, and they demand accurate and energy-efficient algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel spiking neural network (SNN) decoder…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-06 Jiawei Liao , Oscar Toomey , Xiaying Wang , Lars Widmer , Cynthia A. Chestek , Luca Benini , Taekwang Jang

Neuromorphic computing, inspired by biological neural systems, has emerged as a promising approach for ultra-energy-efficient data processing by leveraging analog neuron structures and spike-based computation. However, its application in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 George N. Katsaros , Konstantinos Nikitopoulos