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Code generation has emerged as a key task to automate software development by converting high-level descriptions into executable code. Large language models (LLMs) excel at this but depend heavily on input prompt quality.Manual prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Sixiang Ye , Zeyu Sun , Guoqing Wang , Liwei Guo , Qingyuan Liang , Zheng Li , Yong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing by solving a wide range of tasks simply guided by a prompt. Yet their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. While automatic prompt optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Tom Zehle , Moritz Schlager , Timo Heiß , Matthias Feurer

The code written by developers usually suffers from efficiency problems and contain various performance bugs. These inefficiencies necessitate the research of automated refactoring methods for code optimization. Early research in code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Wenchao Gu , Michael Lyu

Numerous recent works aim to enhance the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) through strategic prompting. In particular, the Optimization by PROmpting (OPRO) approach provides state-of-the-art performance by leveraging LLMs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Tuo Zhang , Jinyue Yuan , Salman Avestimehr

The fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) specialized in code generation has seen notable advancements through the use of open-domain coding queries. Despite the successes, existing methodologies like Evol-Instruct encounter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Weidong Guo , Jiuding Yang , Kaitong Yang , Xiangyang Li , Zhuwei Rao , Yu Xu , Di Niu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit world knowledge and inference capabilities, making them powerful tools for various applications. This paper proposes a feedback loop mechanism that leverages these capabilities to tune Evolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Oliver Kramer

Designing effective control policies for autonomous systems remains a fundamental challenge, traditionally addressed through reinforcement learning or manual engineering. While reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ping Guo , Chao Li , Yinglan Feng , Chaoning Zhang

Prompt optimization is essential for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in scenarios of few-shot learning where training examples are incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Dai Do , Quan Tran , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le

Large language models (LLMs) can perform recommendation tasks by taking prompts written in natural language as input. Compared to traditional methods such as collaborative filtering, LLM-based recommendation offers advantages in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

The capacity of large language models (LLMs) to generate honest, harmless, and helpful responses heavily relies on the quality of user prompts. However, these prompts often tend to be brief and vague, thereby significantly limiting the full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiaohua Wang , Zisu Huang , Feiran Zhang , Zhibo Xu , Cenyuan Zhang , Qi Qian , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Recent advances have greatly increased the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but our understanding of the models and their safety has not progressed as fast. In this paper we aim to understand LLMs deeper by studying their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Justin Lee , Tuomas Oikarinen , Arjun Chatha , Keng-Chi Chang , Yilan Chen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Evolutionary algorithms have been successful in solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). However, as a class of population-based search methodology, evolutionary algorithms require a large number of evaluations of the objective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Xueming Yan , Yaochu Jin

Automated prompt optimization (APO) aims to improve large language model performance by refining prompt instructions. However, existing methods are largely constrained by fixed prompt templates, limited search spaces, or single-sided…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kewen Zhu , Liping Yi , Zhiming Zhao , Xiang Li , Qinghua Hu

In prompt tuning, a prefix or suffix text is added to the prompt, and the embeddings (soft prompts) or token indices (hard prompts) of the prefix/suffix are optimized to gain more control over language models for specific tasks. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shouchang Guo , Sonam Damani , Keng-hao Chang

Prompt engineering represents a critical bottleneck to harness the full potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex tasks, as it requires specialized expertise, significant trial-and-error, and manual intervention. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Anirudh Nair , Adi Banerjee , Laurent Mombaerts , Matthew Hagen , Tarik Borogovac

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are increasingly taking the form of sophisticated modular pipelines, e.g., Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), where each module may involve a distinct Language Model (LM) and an associated prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dilara Soylu , Christopher Potts , Omar Khattab

Traditional query optimization relies on cost-based optimizers that estimate execution cost (e.g., runtime, memory, and I/O) using predefined heuristics and statistical models. Improving these heuristics requires substantial engineering…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mehmet Hamza Erol , Xiangpeng Hao , Federico Bianchi , Ciro Greco , Jacopo Tagliabue , James Zou

While working on a software specification, designers usually need to evaluate different architectural alternatives to be sure that quality criteria are met. Even when these quality aspects could be expressed in terms of multiple software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Aurora Ramírez , José Raúl Romero , Sebastián Ventura

Given the recent impressive accomplishments of language models (LMs) for code generation, we explore the use of LMs as adaptive mutation and crossover operators for an evolutionary neural architecture search (NAS) algorithm. While NAS still…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Angelica Chen , David M. Dohan , David R. So

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, with optimizing their input prompts playing a pivotal role in maximizing their performance. However, while LLM prompts consist of both the task-agnostic system prompts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yumin Choi , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang