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Large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for AI, with the key ability of in-context learning (ICL), where they can perform well on unseen tasks based on a brief series of task examples without necessitating any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhenmei Shi , Junyi Wei , Zhuoyan Xu , Yingyu Liang

Attention mechanism in sequence-to-sequence models is designed to model the alignments between acoustic features and output tokens in speech recognition. However, attention weights produced by models trained end to end do not always…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-27 Gene-Ping Yang , Hao Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased their capability with few-shot inference known as in-context learning. However, in-domain demonstrations are not always readily available in real scenarios, leading to cross-domain in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang , Sinno Jialin Pan

The Transformer architecture, a cornerstone of modern Large Language Models (LLMs), has achieved extraordinary success in sequence modeling, primarily due to its attention mechanism. However, despite its power, the standard attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zichuan Fu , Wentao Song , Guojing Li , Yejing Wang , Xian Wu , Yimin Deng , Hanyu Yan , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 sometimes appear to be creative, solving novel tasks often with a few demonstrations in the prompt. These tasks require the models to generalize on distributions different from those from training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiajun Song , Zhuoyan Xu , Yiqiao Zhong

Recently, pre-training multilingual language models has shown great potential in learning multilingual representation, a crucial topic of natural language processing. Prior works generally use a single mixed attention (MA) module, following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Yinpeng Guo , Liangyou Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

One of the most striking features of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to learn in-context. Namely at inference time an LLM is able to learn new patterns without any additional weight update when these patterns are presented in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Benoit Dherin , Michael Munn , Hanna Mazzawi , Michael Wunder , Javier Gonzalvo

This work introduces an efficient method to scale Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to infinitely long inputs with bounded memory and computation. A key component in our proposed approach is a new attention technique dubbed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Manaal Faruqui , Siddharth Gopal

Transformer architecture has become ubiquitous in the natural language processing field. To interpret the Transformer-based models, their attention patterns have been extensively analyzed. However, the Transformer architecture is not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Goro Kobayashi , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Sho Yokoi , Kentaro Inui

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to learn new classes sequentially while retaining the knowledge of previously learned classes. Recently, pre-trained models (PTMs) combined with parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jiangpeng He , Zhihao Duan , Fengqing Zhu

Sentence representations are foundational to many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. While recent methods leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to derive sentence representations, most rely on final-layer hidden states, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yeqin Zhang , Yunfei Wang , Jiaxuan Chen , Ke Qin , Yizheng Zhao , Cam-Tu Nguyen

The success of Transformer-based Language Models (LMs) stems from their attention mechanism. While this mechanism has been extensively studied in explainability research, particularly through the attention values obtained during the forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shahar Katz , Lior Wolf

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong capabilities in text processing, and recent research has augmented SQL and DataFrame with LLM-powered semantic operators for data analysis. However, LLM-based data processing is hindered by slower…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chao Hui , Weizheng Lu , Yanjie Gao , Lingfeng Xiong , Yunhai Wang , Yueguo Chen

Multimodal learning, which integrates data from diverse sensory modes, plays a pivotal role in artificial intelligence. However, existing multimodal learning methods often struggle with challenges where some modalities appear more dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Xiaohui Zhang , Jaehong Yoon , Mohit Bansal , Huaxiu Yao

Attention mechanisms underpin the success of large language models (LLMs), yet their substantial computational and memory overhead poses challenges for optimizing efficiency and performance. A critical bottleneck arises as KV cache and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Luoyang Sun , Cheng Deng , Jiwen Jiang , Xinjian Wu , Haifeng Zhang , Lei Chen , Lionel Ni , Jun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alhassan Abdelhalim , Janick Edinger , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

The Transformer architecture aggregates input information through the self-attention mechanism, but there is no clear understanding of how this information is mixed across the entire model. Additionally, recent works have demonstrated that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Javier Ferrando , Gerard I. Gállego , Marta R. Costa-jussà

This paper discusses and contains offensive content. Language models (LMs) are used in decision-making systems and as interactive assistants. However, how well do these models making judgements align with the diversity of human values,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Michael Galarnyk , Agam Shah , Dipanwita Guhathakurta , Poojitha Nandigam , Sudheer Chava

Attention layers are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) and are beginning to influence computer vision architectures. Training very large transformer models allowed significant improvement in both fields, but once trained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier , Andreas Loukas , Martin Jaggi

Humans acquire language through implicit learning, absorbing complex patterns without explicit awareness. While LLMs demonstrate impressive linguistic capabilities, it remains unclear whether they exhibit human-like pattern recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Xiaomeng Ma , Qihui Xu
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