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Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) with decoy-state method is believed to be securely applied to defeat various hacking attacks in practical quantum key distribution systems. Recently, the coherent-state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-22 Hua-Lei Yin , Wen-Fei Cao , Yao Fu , Yan-Lin Tang , Yang Liu , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem---*measurement* device independent quantum key distribution. It not only removes all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks and avoids reference-frame calibration. While its feasibility has been widely demonstrated, existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Xin Liu , Zhicheng Luo , Kaibiao Qin , Jiawang Liu , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

There exist several initiatives worldwide to deploy quantum key distribution (QKD) over existing fibre networks and achieve quantum-safe security at large scales. To understand the overall QKD network performance, it is required to…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising emerging technology for the distribution of secure keys for symmetric encryption. It can be readily implemented using commercial off-the-shelf optical telecommunications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Hou-Man Chin , Nitin Jain , Ulrik L. Andersen , Tobias Gehring

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) using a true local (located at the receiver) oscillator (LO) has been proposed to remove any possibility of side-channel attacks associated with transmission of the LO as well as reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Brian P. Williams , Bing Qi , Muneer Alshowkan , Philip G. Evans , Nicholas A. Peters

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols enable two distant parties to communicate with information-theoretically proven secrecy. However, these protocols are generally vulnerable to potential mismatches between the physical modeling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Corentin Lanore , Xavier Valcarce , Jean Etesse , Anthony Martin , Jean-Daniel Bancal

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on the laws of quantum mechanics to enable provably secure communication. Despite its theoretical security promise, practical QKD systems are vulnerable to serious attacks, including side-channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Syed M. Arslan , Saif Al-Kuwari , M. T. Rahim , Hashir Kuniyal

We experimentally demonstrated a sub-Mbps key rate Gaussian-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) over 100 km transmission distance. To efficiently control the excess noise, the quantum signal and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Yaodi Pi , Heng Wang , Yan Pan , Yun Shao , Yang Li , Jie Yang , Yichen Zhang , Wei Huang , Bingjie Xu

The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol is proposed to remove the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the assumption that the encoding systems are perfectly characterized. In…

Despite tremendous theoretical and experimental progress in continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD), its security has not been rigorously established for practical systems with multiple imperfections. The idea of tagging is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-08 Chenyang Li , Thomas Van Himbeeck , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies and consisting of a transmitter, Alice, that encodes secret keys using Gaussian-modulated coherent states, which are communicated to a legitimate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sushil Kumar , Soumya P. Dash , George C. Alexandropoulos

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a key application in quantum communication, enabling secure key exchange between parties using quantum states. Twin-field (TF) QKD offers a promising solution that surpasses the repeaterless limits, and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Chunfeng Huang , Rui Guan , Xin Liu , Wenjie He , Shizhuo Li , Hao Liang , Ziyang Luo , Zhenrong Zhang , Wei Li , Kejin Wei

We study the security of a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol under the one-sided device-independent (1sDI) setting, which assumes trust in only one party's measurement device. This approach effectively provides a balance between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Pritam Roy , Subhankar Bera , A. S. Majumdar

The linear constraint of secret key rate capacity is overcome by the tiwn-field quantum key distribution (QKD). However, the complex phase-locking and phase-tracking technique requirements throttle the real-life applications of twin-field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Jun-Lin Bai , Yuan-Mei Xie , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

One of the most pressing issues in quantum key distribution (QKD) is the problem of detector side- channel attacks. To overcome this problem, researchers proposed an elegant "time-reversal" QKD protocol called measurement-device-independent…

In a comment, Xu, Curty, Qi, Qian, and Lo claimed that discrete-variable (DV) measurement device independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) would compete with its continuous-variable (CV) counterpart at metropolitan distances.…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over free-space optical links is a promising approach for secure communication, but its performance is limited by turbulence, pointing errors, and angular leakage that can be exploited by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Meysam Ghanbari , Rula Ammuri , Saif Al-Kuwari , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe