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Large Language Models (LLMs) as clinical agents require careful behavioral adaptation. While adept at reactive tasks (e.g., diagnosis reasoning), LLMs often struggle with proactive engagement, like unprompted identification of critical…

Previous work has showcased the intriguing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in instruction-following and rhetorical fluency. However, systematic exploration of their dual capabilities to autonomously persuade and resist…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tianjie Ju , Yujia Chen , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Applying large language models (LLMs) to assist in psycho-counseling is an emerging and meaningful approach, driven by the significant gap between patient needs and the availability of mental health support. However, current LLMs struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mian Zhang , Shaun M. Eack , Zhiyu Zoey Chen

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in using external tools to address user inquiries. However, most existing evaluations assume tool use in short contexts, offering limited insight into model behavior during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Beong-woo Kwak , Minju Kim , Dongha Lim , Hyungjoo Chae , Dongjin Kang , Sunghwan Kim , Dongil Yang , Jinyoung Yeo

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), these high-performance models have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the models' performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Guanting Dong , Jinxu Zhao , Tingfeng Hui , Daichi Guo , Wenlong Wan , Boqi Feng , Yueyan Qiu , Zhuoma Gongque , Keqing He , Zechen Wang , Weiran Xu

We introduce a multi-turn benchmark for evaluating personalised alignment in LLM-based AI assistants, focusing on their ability to handle user-provided safety-critical contexts. Our assessment of ten leading models across five scenarios…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Lize Alberts , Benjamin Ellis , Andrei Lupu , Jakob Foerster

Organizations increasingly use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve supply chain processes and reduce environmental impacts. However, LLMs have been shown to reproduce biases regarding the prioritization of sustainable business…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Greta Ontrup , Annika Bush , Markus Pauly , Meltem Aksoy

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as scalable tools for mental health counseling, yet evaluating their safety remains challenging due to the interactional and context-dependent nature of clinical harm. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Suhyun Lee , Palakorn Achananuparp , Neemesh Yadav , Ee-Peng Lim , Yang Deng

Personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) often assumes users hold static preferences that reflect globally in all tasks. In reality, humans hold dynamic preferences that change depending on the context. As users interact with an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Yoonah Park , Jiho Kim , Young-Ho Kim , Juho Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human users in interactive settings such as therapy, education, and social role-play. While these simulations enable scalable training and evaluation of AI agents, off-the-shelf…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Donovan Clay , Tim Althoff , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques

Understanding how large language models (LLMs) process emotionally sensitive content is critical for building safe and reliable systems, particularly in mental health contexts. We investigate the scaling behavior of LLMs on two key tasks:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Edoardo Pinzuti , Oliver Tüscher , André Ferreira Castro

Large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed for open-ended communication, yet most bias evaluations still rely on English, classification-style tasks. We introduce \corpusname, a new multilingual, debate-style benchmark designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Muhammed Saeed , Muhammad Abdul-mageed , Shady Shehata

Personalized Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be an effective way to create more engaging and enjoyable user-AI interactions. While previous studies have explored using prompts to elicit specific personality traits in LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shi-Wei Dai , Yan-Wei Shie , Tsung-Huan Yang , Lun-Wei Ku , Yung-Hui Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate complex responses to threat-based manipulations, revealing both vulnerabilities and unexpected performance enhancement opportunities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 3,390…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Atil Samancioglu

Large language models (LLMs) typically generate identical or similar responses for all users given the same prompt, posing serious safety risks in high-stakes applications where user vulnerabilities differ widely. Existing safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuchen Wu , Edward Sun , Kaijie Zhu , Jianxun Lian , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Aylin Caliskan , Jindong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in a zero-shot fashion to assess mental health conditions, yet we have limited knowledge on what factors affect their accuracy. In this study, we utilize a clinical dataset of natural…

Powered by remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in manifold tasks. However, the practical application scenarios of MLLMs are intricate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tianle Gu , Zeyang Zhou , Kexin Huang , Dandan Liang , Yixu Wang , Haiquan Zhao , Yuanqi Yao , Xingge Qiao , Keqing Wang , Yujiu Yang , Yan Teng , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang