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We introduce an innovative RAG-based framework with an ever-improving memory. Inspired by humans'pedagogical process, RAM utilizes recursively reasoning-based retrieval and experience reflections to continually update the memory and learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jiaqi Li , Xiaobo Wang , Wentao Ding , Zihao Wang , Yipeng Kang , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a popular technique for using large language models (LLMs) to build customer-support, question-answering solutions. In this paper, we share our team's practical experience building and maintaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sarah Packowski , Inge Halilovic , Jenifer Schlotfeldt , Trish Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) equips large language models (LLMs) with reliable knowledge memory. To strengthen cross-text associations, recent research integrates graphs and hypergraphs into RAG to capture pairwise and multi-entity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xingliang Hou , Yuyan Liu , Qi Sun , haoxiu wang , Hao Hu , Shaoyi Du , Zhiqiang Tian

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents has necessitated robust memory systems to support cohesive long-term interaction and complex reasoning. Benefiting from the strong capabilities of LLMs, recent research focus has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Weiquan Huang , Zixuan Wang , Hehai Lin , Sudong Wang , Bo Xu , Qian Li , Beier Zhu , Linyi Yang , Chengwei Qin

Long-context LLMs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems process information passively, deferring state tracking, contradiction resolution, and evidence aggregation to query time, which becomes brittle under ultra long streams…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kehao Zhang , Shangtong Gui , Sheng Yang , Wei Chen , Yang Feng

Despite the superior performance of Large language models on many NLP tasks, they still face significant limitations in memorizing extensive world knowledge. Recent studies have demonstrated that leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Nan Du , Sihong Xie

Effectively retrieving, reasoning, and understanding multimodal information remains a critical challenge for agentic systems. Traditional Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) methods rely on linear interaction histories, which struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiuchen Wang , Shihang Wang , Yu Zeng , Qiang Zhang , Fanrui Zhang , Zhuoning Guo , Bosi Zhang , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Pengjun Xie , Ruixue Ding

Direct Feedback Alignment (DFA) is emerging as an efficient and biologically plausible alternative to the ubiquitous backpropagation algorithm for training deep neural networks. Despite relying on random feedback weights for the backward…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-11 Maria Refinetti , Stéphane d'Ascoli , Ruben Ohana , Sebastian Goldt

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising method for addressing some of the memory-related challenges associated with Large Language Models (LLMs). Two separate systems form the RAG pipeline, the retriever and the reader, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Alexandria Leto , Cecilia Aguerrebere , Ishwar Bhati , Ted Willke , Mariano Tepper , Vy Ai Vo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet they face inherent limitations such as constrained parametric knowledge and high retraining costs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) augments the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Leqian Li , Dianxi Shi , Jialu Zhou , Xinyu Wei , Mingyue Yang , Songchang Jin , Shaowu Yang

This paper presents a novel Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework tailored for complex question answering tasks, addressing challenges in multi-hop reasoning and contextual understanding across lengthy documents. Built upon LLaMA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Xinyue Huang , Ziqi Lin , Fang Sun , Wenchao Zhang , Kejian Tong , Yunbo Liu

The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework introduces a retrieval module to dynamically inject retrieved information into the input context of large language models (LLMs), and has demonstrated significant success in various NLP…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yi Jiang , Sendong Zhao , Jianbo Li , Haochun Wang , Bing Qin

Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation (mRAG) plays an important role in mitigating the "hallucination" issue inherent in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Although promising, existing heuristic mRAGs typically predefined fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yangning Li , Yinghui Li , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Xinran Zheng , Hui Wang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Philip S. Yu , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

An associative memory (AM) enables cue-response recall, and it has recently been recognized as a key mechanism underlying modern neural architectures such as Transformers. In this work, we introduce the concept of distributed dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bowen Wang , Matteo Zecchin , Osvaldo Simeone

In many applications, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) drives tool use and function calling by embedding the (user) queries and matching them to pre-specified tool/function descriptions. In this paper, we address an embedding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yu Pan , Xiaocheng Li , Hanzhao Wang

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recommender systems faces key challenges in delivering deep personalization and intelligent reasoning, especially for interactive scenarios. Current methods are often constrained by limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jiani Huang , Xingchen Zou , Lianghao Xia , Qing Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective method to enhance the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods typically optimize the retriever or the generator in a RAG system by directly using the top-k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shaohan Wang , Licheng Zhang , Zheren Fu , Zhendong Mao , Yongdong Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a pivotal method for expanding the knowledge of large language models. To handle complex queries more effectively, researchers developed Adaptive-RAG (A-RAG) to enhance the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shuaihong Jiang , Zhaokun Wang , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Memory-Augmented Generation (MAG) extends Large Language Models with external memory to support long-context reasoning, but existing approaches largely rely on semantic similarity over monolithic memory stores, entangling temporal, causal,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Guanpeng Li , Bingzhe Li