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Related papers: Epistemic Reject Option Prediction

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We address online linear optimization problems when the possible actions of the decision maker are represented by binary vectors. The regret of the decision maker is the difference between her realized loss and the best loss she would have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-04-02 Jean-Yves Audibert , Sébastien Bubeck , Gábor Lugosi

Epistemic Uncertainty is a measure of the lack of knowledge of a learner which diminishes with more evidence. While existing work focuses on using the variance of the Bayesian posterior due to parameter uncertainty as a measure of epistemic…

We propose a new Reject Option Classification technique to identify and remove regions of uncertainty in the decision space for a given neural classifier and dataset. Such existing formulations employ a learned rejection (remove)/selection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Nicholas Kashani Motlagh , Jim Davis , Tim Anderson , Jeremy Gwinnup

We explore the problem of binary classification in machine learning, with a twist - the classifier is allowed to abstain on any datum, professing ignorance about the true class label without committing to any prediction. This is directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Akshay Balsubramani

Bayesian persuasion studies how an informed sender should influence beliefs of rational receivers who take decisions through Bayesian updating of a common prior. We focus on the online Bayesian persuasion framework, in which the sender…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Martino Bernasconi , Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti , Francesco Trovò

Foundation models often generate unreliable answers, while heuristic uncertainty estimators fail to fully distinguish correct from incorrect outputs, causing users to accept erroneous answers without any statistical guarantee. We address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyuan Wang , Aniri , Tianlong Chen , Yue Zhang , Heng Tao Shen , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

Regression plays a key role in many research areas and its variable selection is a classic and major problem. This study emphasizes cost of predictors to be purchased for future use, when we select a subset of them. Its economic aspect is…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-19 Steven N. MacEachern , Koji Miyawaki

The overall predictive uncertainty of a trained predictor can be decomposed into separate contributions due to epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. Under a Bayesian formulation, assuming a well-specified model, the two contributions can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Sharu Theresa Jose , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone

Confident prediction is highly relevant in machine learning; for example, in applications such as medical diagnoses, wrong prediction can be fatal. For classification, there already exist procedures that allow to not classify data when the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Christophe Denis , Mohamed Hebiri

If we could define the set of all bad outcomes, we could hard-code an agent which avoids them; however, in sufficiently complex environments, this is infeasible. We do not know of any general-purpose approaches in the literature to avoiding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Michael K. Cohen , Marcus Hutter

The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

Ranking systems influence decision-making in high-stakes domains like health, education, and employment, where they can have substantial economic and social impacts. This makes the integration of safety mechanisms essential. One such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Antonio Ferrara , Andrea Pugnana , Francesco Bonchi , Salvatore Ruggieri

When collaborating with an AI system, we need to assess when to trust its recommendations. If we mistakenly trust it in regions where it is likely to err, catastrophic failures may occur, hence the need for Bayesian approaches for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Federico Cerutti , Lance M. Kaplan , Angelika Kimmig , Murat Sensoy

Research on Knowledge Tracing (KT) models traditionally focuses on improving predictive accuracy. However, responsible real-world deployment requires models to know when to defer uncertain predictions to a human teacher. We introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Joshua Mitton , Prarthana Bhattacharyya , Ralph Abboud , Simon Woodhead

Prediction becomes more challenging with missing covariates. What method is chosen to handle missingness can greatly affect how models perform. In many real-world problems, the best prediction performance is achieved by models that can…

Trustworthiness in artificial intelligence depends not only on what a model decides, but also on how it handles and explains cases in which a reliable decision cannot be made. In critical domains such as healthcare and finance, a reject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Gleilson Pedro Fernandes , Thiago Alves Rocha

Selective classification is a powerful tool for automated decision-making in high-risk scenarios, allowing classifiers to act only when confident and abstain when uncertainty is high. Given a target accuracy, our goal is to minimize…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Mohamed Ndaoud , Peter Radchenko , Bradley Rava

We study the effectiveness of stochastic side information in deterministic online learning scenarios. We propose a forecaster to predict a deterministic sequence where its performance is evaluated against an expert class. We assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Junzhang Jia , Xuetong Wu , Jingge Zhu , Jamie Evans

We study a Bayesian persuasion setting with binary actions (adopt and reject) for Receiver. We examine the following question - how well can Sender perform, in terms of persuading Receiver to adopt, when ignorant of Receiver's utility? We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yakov Babichenko , Inbal Talgam-Cohen , Haifeng Xu , Konstantin Zabarnyi

We study the problem of making predictions of an adversarially chosen high-dimensional state that are unbiased subject to an arbitrary collection of conditioning events, with the goal of tailoring these events to downstream decision makers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Georgy Noarov , Ramya Ramalingam , Aaron Roth , Stephan Xie