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In grokking, a model first fits the training data while test accuracy remains low, and only later begins to generalize. We ask whether this transition can be localized from observed training trajectories before the test accuracy rises, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ziyue Wang , Yufeng Ying , Takafumi Kanamori

The widespread use of diffusion models has led to an abundance of AI-generated data, raising concerns about model collapse -- a phenomenon in which recursive iterations of training on synthetic data lead to performance degradation. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Lianghe Shi , Meng Wu , Huijie Zhang , Zekai Zhang , Molei Tao , Qing Qu

The improvement in the performance of efficient and lightweight models (i.e., the student model) is achieved through knowledge distillation (KD), which involves transferring knowledge from more complex models (i.e., the teacher model).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Seonghak Kim , Gyeongdo Ham , Yucheol Cho , Daeshik Kim

Knowledge distillation (KD) exploits a large well-trained model (i.e., teacher) to train a small student model on the same dataset for the same task. Treating teacher features as knowledge, prevailing methods of knowledge distillation train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yuzhu Wang , Lechao Cheng , Manni Duan , Yongheng Wang , Zunlei Feng , Shu Kong

Leveraging shared learning through Massively Multilingual Models, state-of-the-art machine translation models are often able to adapt to the paucity of data for low-resource languages. However, this performance comes at the cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Harshita Diddee , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Tanuja Ganu , Kalika Bali

Medical foundation models pre-trained on large-scale datasets have shown powerful versatile performance. However, when adapting medical foundation models for specific medical scenarios, it remains the inevitable challenge due to the gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Siyuan Du , Yuhang Zhou , Haolin Li , Jiangchao Yao , Haishuai Wang , Hui Lin , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used for training a compact model with the supervision of another large model, which could effectively improve the performance. Previous methods mainly focus on two aspects: 1) training the student to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Tiancheng Wen , Shenqi Lai , Xueming Qian

Knowledge distillation (KD) is commonly deemed as an effective model compression technique in which a compact model (student) is trained under the supervision of a larger pretrained model or an ensemble of models (teacher). Various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising technique for model compression in neural machine translation. However, where the knowledge hides in KD is still not clear, which may hinder the development of KD. In this work, we first unravel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Songming Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Shuaibo Wang , Wenjuan Han , Jian Liu , Jinan Xu , Yufeng Chen

Compared to standard language model (LM) pretraining (i.e., from scratch), Knowledge Distillation (KD) entails an additional forward pass through a teacher model that is typically substantially larger than the target student model. As such,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Minh Duc Bui , Fabian David Schmidt , Goran Glavaš , Katharina von der Wense

Knowledge distillation has been used to transfer knowledge learned by a sophisticated model (teacher) to a simpler model (student). This technique is widely used to compress model complexity. However, in most applications the compressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Hadi Pouransari , Mojan Javaheripi , Vinay Sharma , Oncel Tuzel

Grokking in transformers trained on algorithmic tasks is characterized by a long delay between training-set fit and abrupt generalization, but the source of that delay remains poorly understood. In encoder-decoder arithmetic models, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Laura Gomezjurado Gonzalez

Imitation learning holds the promise of equipping robots with versatile skills by learning from expert demonstrations. However, policies trained on finite datasets often struggle to generalize beyond the training distribution. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yixiao Wang

Knowledge Distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from a large pre-trained teacher network to a compact and efficient student network, making it suitable for deployment on resource-limited media terminals. However, traditional KD methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Xinlei Huang , Jialiang Tang , Xubin Zheng , Jinjia Zhou , Wenxin Yu , Ning Jiang

Knowledge distillation (KD) has been a popular and effective method for model compression. One important assumption of KD is that the teacher's original dataset will also be available when training the student. However, in situations such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Logan Frank , Jim Davis

Data-Free Knowledge Distillation (KD) allows knowledge transfer from a trained neural network (teacher) to a more compact one (student) in the absence of original training data. Existing works use a validation set to monitor the accuracy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Kuluhan Binici , Shivam Aggarwal , Nam Trung Pham , Karianto Leman , Tulika Mitra

Transferring knowledge from a cross-encoder teacher via Knowledge Distillation (KD) has become a standard paradigm for training retrieval models. While existing studies have largely focused on mining hard negatives to improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Youngjoon Jang , Seongtae Hong , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Machine learning models are often brittle under distribution shift, i.e., when data distributions at test time differ from those during training. Understanding this failure mode is central to identifying and mitigating safety risks of mass…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-04 Alex Nguyen , David J. Schwab , Vudtiwat Ngampruetikorn

Knowledge distillation (KD) is one of the most potent ways for model compression. The key idea is to transfer the knowledge from a deep teacher model (T) to a shallower student (S). However, existing methods suffer from performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Mengya Gao , Yujun Shen , Quanquan Li , Chen Change Loy

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a widely adopted approach for compressing large neural networks by transferring knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. In the context of large language models, token level KD,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Zhengming Xing , Ruijie Jiang