English
Related papers

Related papers: Trustworthiness Calibration Framework for Phishing…

200 papers

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

Phishing emails pose a persistent and increasingly sophisticated threat, undermining email security through deceptive tactics designed to exploit both semantic and structural vulnerabilities. Traditional detection methods, often based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ibrahim Altan , Abdulla Bachir , Yousuf Parbhulkar , Abdul Muksith Rizvi , Moshiur Farazi

Over the past year, there has been a notable rise in the use of large language models (LLMs) for academic research and industrial practices within the cybersecurity field. However, it remains a lack of comprehensive and publicly accessible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Zhengmin Yu , Jiutian Zeng , Siyi Chen , Wenhan Xu , Dandan Xu , Xiangyu Liu , Zonghao Ying , Nan Wang , Yuan Zhang , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world code generation, where functional correctness alone is insufficient for reliable deployment, developers also expect adherence to explicit requirements for robustness,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Sravani Gunnu , Shanmukha Guttula , Hima Patel

Phishing attacks remain a persistent threat to online security, demanding robust detection methods. This study investigates the use of machine learning to identify phishing URLs, emphasizing the crucial role of feature selection and model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Abdullah Fajar , Setiadi Yazid , Indra Budi

Quantitative risk assessment in high-stakes domains relies on structured expert elicitation to estimate unobservable properties. The gold standard - the Delphi method - produces calibrated, auditable judgments but requires months of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tobias Lorenz , Mario Fritz

Phishing attacks pose a significant threat to Internet users, with cybercriminals elaborately replicating the visual appearance of legitimate websites to deceive victims. Visual similarity-based detection systems have emerged as an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Fujiao Ji , Kiho Lee , Hyungjoon Koo , Wenhao You , Euijin Choo , Hyoungshick Kim , Doowon Kim

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xin Zhou , Ting Zhang , David Lo

Software testing and verification are critical for ensuring the reliability and security of modern software systems. Traditionally, formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, have provided rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Bilel Cherif , Richard A. Dubniczky , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly relies on the quality of the prompts they receive. However, even when processing identical prompts, LLMs can yield varying outcomes due to differences in their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Smishing (SMS phishing) has become a serious cybersecurity threat, especially for elderly and cyber-unaware individuals, causing financial loss and undermining user trust. Although prior work has focused on detecting smishing at the level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Carl Lochstampfor , Ayan Roy

Text watermarking provides an effective solution for identifying synthetic text generated by large language models. However, existing techniques often focus on satisfying specific criteria while ignoring other key aspects, lacking a unified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Shuhao Zhang , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Yuli Chen , Zhixuan Wu , Changbao Li , Pingli Gu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in domains where errors carry high social, scientific, or safety costs. Yet standard confidence estimators, such as token likelihood, semantic similarity and multi-sample consistency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Pengyue Yang , Jiawen Wen , Haolin Jin , Linghan Huang , Huaming Chen , Ling Chen

Cyber attacks continue to pose significant threats to individuals and organizations, stealing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, financial information, and login credentials. Hence, detecting malicious websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Saroj Gopali , Akbar S. Namin , Faranak Abri , Keith S. Jones

The proliferation of mobile devices and online interactions have been threatened by different cyberattacks, where phishing attacks and malicious Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) pose significant risks to user security. Traditional phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Wenye Guo , Qun Wang , Hao Yue , Haijian Sun , Rose Qingyang Hu

Text-based collaborative filtering (TCF) has emerged as the prominent technique for text and news recommendation, employing language models (LMs) as text encoders to represent items. However, the current landscape of TCF models mainly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ruyu Li , Wenhao Deng , Yu Cheng , Zheng Yuan , Jiaqi Zhang , Fajie Yuan

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

The continuous growth of the e-commerce industry attracts fraudsters who exploit stolen credit card details. Companies often investigate suspicious transactions in order to retain customer trust and address gaps in their fraud detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Shaun Shuster , Eyal Zaloof , Asaf Shabtai , Rami Puzis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by enabling robust text generation and understanding. However, their deployment in sensitive domains like healthcare, finance, and legal services raises…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Georgios Feretzakis , Vassilios S. Verykios

The parallel evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced code-understanding capabilities and the increasing sophistication of malware presents a new frontier for cybersecurity research. This paper evaluates the efficacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad