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Large language models (LLMs) obtain state of the art zero shot relevance ranking performance on a variety of information retrieval tasks. The two most common prompts to elicit LLM relevance judgments are pointwise scoring (a.k.a. relevance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Charles Godfrey , Ping Nie , Natalia Ostapuk , David Ken , Shang Gao , Souheil Inati

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…

Sequential Recommendation (SR) task involves predicting the next item a user is likely to interact with, given their past interactions. The SR models examine the sequence of a user's actions to discern more complex behavioral patterns and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wujiang Xu , Qitian Wu , Zujie Liang , Jiaojiao Han , Xuying Ning , Yunxiao Shi , Wenfang Lin , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for tasks that require complex reasoning. Most benchmarks focus on final outcomes but overlook the intermediate reasoning steps - such as planning, revision, and decision making under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xiaopeng Yuan , Xingjian Zhang , Ke Xu , Yifan Xu , Lijun Yu , Jindong Wang , Yushun Dong , Haohan Wang

Multi-step reasoning improves the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) but increases the risk of errors propagating through intermediate steps. Process reward models (PRMs) mitigate this by scoring each step individually, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Corentin Royer , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Gaetano Rossiello , Andrea Giovannini , Mennatallah El-Assady

This paper describes the IUST NLP Lab submission to the Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics Shared Task at the Eval4NLP 2023 Workshop on Evaluation & Comparison of NLP Systems. We have proposed a zero-shot prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ghazaleh Mahmoudi

The planning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their remarkable capacity for multi-step reasoning and their ability to generalize across a wide range of domains. While some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mohamed Aghzal , Erion Plaku , Gregory J. Stein , Ziyu Yao

While NLP typically treats documents as independent and unordered samples, in longitudinal studies, this assumption rarely holds: documents are nested within authors and ordered in time, forming person-indexed, time-ordered…

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive performance and surprising emergent properties. However, their effectiveness remains limited by the fixed context window of the transformer architecture, posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tianqi Du , Haotian Huang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

Language models are now capable of solving tasks that require dealing with long sequences consisting of hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, they often fail on tasks that require repetitive use of simple rules, even on sequences that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Mirelle Bueno , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Are Large language models (LLMs) temporally grounded? Since LLMs cannot perceive and interact with the environment, it is impossible to answer this question directly. Instead, we provide LLMs with textual narratives and probe them with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yifu Qiu , Zheng Zhao , Yftah Ziser , Anna Korhonen , Edoardo M. Ponti , Shay B. Cohen

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natural language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conversational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained…

Large Language Models (LLMs) display strikingly different generalization behaviors: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often narrows capability, whereas reinforcement-learning (RL) tuning tends to preserve it. The reasons behind this divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Wenjie Hu , Shi Qiu , Maggie Ziyu Huan , Peiyang Song , Robert Nowak , Dawn Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various basic natural language tasks. For completing the complex task, we still need a plan for the task to guide LLMs to generate the specific solutions step by step. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yiduo Guo , Yaobo Liang , Chenfei Wu , Wenshan Wu , Dongyan Zhao , Nan Duan

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of AI, demonstrating unprecedented capacity across various tasks. However, the inference process for LLMs comes with significant computational costs. In this paper, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zangwei Zheng , Xiaozhe Ren , Fuzhao Xue , Yang Luo , Xin Jiang , Yang You

What kinds of instructional prompts are easier to follow for Language Models (LMs)? We study this question by conducting extensive empirical analysis that shed light on important features of successful instructional prompts. Specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Swaroop Mishra , Daniel Khashabi , Chitta Baral , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Despite their success in many natural language tasks, solving math problems remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). A large gap exists between LLMs' pass-at-one and pass-at-N performance in solving math problems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yixin Liu , Avi Singh , C. Daniel Freeman , John D. Co-Reyes , Peter J. Liu
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