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Recent advancements in language-grounded autonomous driving have been significantly promoted by the sophisticated cognition and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, current LLM-based approaches encounter critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ruifei Zhang , Wei Zhang , Xiao Tan , Sibei Yang , Xiang Wan , Xiaonan Luo , Guanbin Li

Autonomous Driving (AD) encounters significant safety hurdles in long-tail unforeseen driving scenarios, largely stemming from the non-interpretability and poor generalization of the deep neural networks within the AD system, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yixuan Wang , Ruochen Jiao , Sinong Simon Zhan , Chengtian Lang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

Real-time scene parsing is a fundamental feature for autonomous driving vehicles with multiple cameras. In this letter we demonstrate that sharing semantics between cameras with different perspectives and overlapped views can boost the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Zhenzhen Xiang , Anbo Bao , Jie Li , Jianbo Su

This comprehensive survey examines the integration of knowledge-based approaches in autonomous driving systems, specifically focusing on trajectory prediction and planning. We extensively analyze various methodologies for incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kumar Manas , Adrian Paschke

Human drivers possess spatial and causal intelligence, enabling them to perceive driving scenarios, anticipate hazards, and react to dynamic environments. In contrast, autonomous vehicles lack these abilities, making it challenging to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Shucheng Huang , Freda Shi , Chen Sun , Jiaming Zhong , Minghao Ning , Yufeng Yang , Yukun Lu , Hong Wang , Amir Khajepour

Due to the powerful vision-language reasoning and generalization abilities, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention in the field of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving. However, their application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xueyi Liu , Zuodong Zhong , Yuxin Guo , Yun-Fu Liu , Zhiguo Su , Qichao Zhang , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Yupeng Zheng , Qiao Lin , Huiyong Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Recent end-to-end autonomous driving approaches have leveraged Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to enhance planning capabilities in complex driving scenarios. However, VLMs are inherently trained as generalist models, lacking specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jingyu Li , Junjie Wu , Dongnan Hu , Xiangkai Huang , Bin Sun , Zhihui Hao , Xianpeng Lang , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

The Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with extensive world knowledge have revitalized autonomous driving, particularly in reasoning tasks within perceivable regions. However, when faced with perception-limited areas (dynamic or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mingliang Zhai , Cheng Li , Zengyuan Guo , Ningrui Yang , Xiameng Qin , Sanyuan Zhao , Junyu Han , Ji Tao , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia

Multi-modal learning has emerged as a key technique for improving performance across domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and reasoning. However, in certain scenarios, particularly in resource-constrained environments, some…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Rui Liu , Yu Shen , Peng Gao , Pratap Tokekar , Ming Lin

Simulation-based testing is crucial for validating autonomous vehicles (AVs), yet existing scenario generation methods either overfit to common driving patterns or operate in an offline, non-interactive manner that fails to expose rare,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yuewen Mei , Tong Nie , Jian Sun , Ye Tian

With recent advancements in AI and computational tools, intelligent paradigms have emerged to enhance fields like shared autonomy and human-machine teaming in healthcare. Advanced AI algorithms (e.g., reinforcement learning) can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-23 MH Farhadi , Ali Rabiee , Sima Ghafoori , Anna Cetera , Wei Xu , Reza Abiri

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly being adopted for end-to-end autonomous driving systems due to their exceptional performance in handling long-tail scenarios. However, current VLM-based approaches suffer from two major…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuqi Ye , Zijian Zhang , Junhong Lin , Shangkun Sun , Changhao Peng , Wei Gao

Recent advancements in autonomous driving have relied on data-driven approaches, which are widely adopted but face challenges including dataset bias, overfitting, and uninterpretability. Drawing inspiration from the knowledge-driven nature…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Licheng Wen , Daocheng Fu , Xin Li , Xinyu Cai , Tao Ma , Pinlong Cai , Min Dou , Botian Shi , Liang He , Yu Qiao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are emerging as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving, valued for their potential to leverage world knowledge and reason about complex driving scenes. However, existing methods suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinyang Wang , Qian Liu , Wenjie Ding , Zhao Yang , Wei Li , Chang Liu , Bailin Li , Kun Zhan , Xianpeng Lang , Wei Chen

With the broader adoption and highly successful development of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been growing interest and demand for applying LLMs to autonomous driving technology. Driven by their natural language understanding and…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to create natural language interfaces for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs), moving beyond rigid inputs. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Marvin Seegert , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

The quest for fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) capable of navigating complex real-world scenarios with human-like understanding and responsiveness. In this paper, we introduce Dolphins, a novel vision-language model architected to imbibe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Yingzi Ma , Yulong Cao , Jiachen Sun , Marco Pavone , Chaowei Xiao

Autonomous driving requires reasoning about how the environment evolves and planning actions accordingly. Existing world-model-based approaches typically predict future scenes first and plan afterwards, resulting in open-loop imagination…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiqi Liu , Huan Xu , Jingyu Li , Bin Sun , Zhihui Hao , Dangen She , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

In autonomous driving, Vision Language Models (VLMs) excel at high-level reasoning , whereas semantic occupancy provides fine-grained details. Despite significant progress in individual fields, there is still no method that can effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chenxu Dang , Jie Wang , Guang Li , Zhiwen Hou , Zihan You , Hangjun Ye , Jie Ma , Long Chen , Yan Wang

With the powerful reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), many recent works have explored using them for decision-making. However, most of these approaches rely solely on language-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihao Sun , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Pierre-Luc Bacon