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Autonomous driving requires reliable perception and safe decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate reasoning and generalization abilities, opening new possibilities for autonomous driving;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zecong Tang , Zixu Wang , Yifei Wang , Weitong Lian , Tianjian Gao , Haoran Li , Tengju Ru , Lingyi Meng , Zhejun Cui , Yichen Zhu , Qi Kang , Kaixuan Wang , Yu Zhang

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into autonomous driving motion planning has recently emerged as a promising direction, offering enhanced interpretability, better controllability, and improved generalization in rare and long-tail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhipeng Tang , Sha Zhang , Jiajun Deng , Chenjie Wang , Guoliang You , Yuting Huang , Xinrui Lin , Yanyong Zhang

Trajectory prediction is a fundamental technology for advanced autonomous driving systems and represents one of the most challenging problems in the field of cognitive intelligence. Accurately predicting the future trajectories of each…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Qu Weiming , Wang Jia , Du Jiawei , Zhu Yuanhao , Yu Jianfeng , Xia Rui , Cao Song , Wu Xihong , Luo Dingsheng

Integrating vision-language models (VLMs) into end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving (AD) systems has shown promise in improving scene understanding. However, existing integration strategies suffer from several limitations: they either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wenhui Huang , Songyan Zhang , Qihang Huang , Zhidong Wang , Zhiqi Mao , Collister Chua , Zhan Chen , Long Chen , Chen Lv

Human-level driving is an ultimate goal of autonomous driving. Conventional approaches formulate autonomous driving as a perception-prediction-planning framework, yet their systems do not capitalize on the inherent reasoning ability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiageng Mao , Junjie Ye , Yuxi Qian , Marco Pavone , Yue Wang

Recent advancements in autonomous driving (AD) have explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) within visual question answering (VQA) frameworks for direct driving decision-making. However, these approaches often depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xin Hu , Taotao Jing , Renran Tian , Zhengming Ding

Designing autonomous driving systems requires efficient exploration of large hardware/software configuration spaces under diverse environmental conditions, e.g., with varying traffic, weather, and road layouts. Traditional design space…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Po-An Shih , Shao-Hua Wang , Yung-Che Li , Chia-Heng Tu , Chih-Han Chang

End-to-end autonomous driving systems built on Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant promise, yet their reliance on autoregressive architectures introduces some limitations for real-world applications. The sequential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Can Cui , Yupeng Zhou , Juntong Peng , Sung-Yeon Park , Zichong Yang , Prashanth Sankaranarayanan , Jiaru Zhang , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Human vision is capable of transforming two-dimensional observations into an egocentric three-dimensional scene understanding, which underpins the ability to translate complex scenes and exhibit adaptive behaviors. This capability, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Pei Liu , Hongliang Lu , Haichao Liu , Haipeng Liu , Xin Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Shengbo Eben Li , Jun Ma

In this paper, a human-like driving framework is designed for autonomous vehicles (AVs), which aims to make AVs better integrate into the transportation ecology of human driving and eliminate the misunderstanding and incompatibility of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Peng Hang , Yiran Zhang , Chen Lv

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multi-Modal Language models (MMLMs) have become prominent in autonomous driving research, as these models can provide interpretable textual reasoning and responses for end-to-end autonomous driving safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Ross Greer , Mohan Trivedi

Leveraging advanced reasoning capabilities and extensive world knowledge of large language models (LLMs) to construct generative agents for solving complex real-world problems is a major trend. However, LLMs inherently lack embodiment as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ye Jin , Ruoxuan Yang , Zhijie Yi , Xiaoxi Shen , Huiling Peng , Xiaoan Liu , Jingli Qin , Jiayang Li , Jintao Xie , Peizhong Gao , Guyue Zhou , Jiangtao Gong

This paper describes a novel method for allowing an autonomous ground vehicle to predict the intent of other agents in an urban environment. This method, termed the cognitive driving framework, models both the intent and the potentially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-04-02 Alan J. Hamlet , Carl D. Crane

In light of growing attention of intelligent vehicle systems, we propose developing a driver model that uses a hybrid system formulation to capture the intent of the driver. This model hopes to capture human driving behavior in a way that…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-05-25 Katherine Driggs-Campbell , Ruzena Bajcsy

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising approach to unify perception, prediction, and planning within a single framework, reducing information loss and improving adaptability. However, existing methods often rely on fixed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yuhang Lu , Jiadong Tu , Yuexin Ma , Xinge Zhu

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

To maximize safety and driving comfort, autonomous driving systems can benefit from implementing foresighted action choices that take different potential scenario developments into account. While artificial scene prediction methods are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Chao Wang , Thomas H. Weisswange , Matti Krueger , Christiane B. Wiebel-Herboth

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD). However, current performance evaluation protocols for VLM-based AD systems (ADVLMs) are predominantly confined to open-loop settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tianyuan Zhang , Ting Jin , Lu Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Autonomous driving holds transformative potential but remains fundamentally constrained by the limited perception and isolated decision-making with standalone intelligence. While recent multi-agent approaches introduce cooperation, they…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ziyi Song , Chen Xia , Chenbing Wang , Haibao Yu , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu

Vision-language models enable the understanding and reasoning of complex traffic scenarios through multi-source information fusion, establishing it as a core technology for autonomous driving. However, existing vision-language models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Minghui Hou , Wei-Hsing Huang , Shaofeng Liang , Daizong Liu , Tai-Hao Wen , Gang Wang , Runwei Guan , Weiping Ding