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Polymers exhibit complex architectures and diverse properties that place them at the center of contemporary research in chemistry and materials science. As conventional computational techniques, even multi-scale ones, struggle to capture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Alexandrina Stoyanova , Bogdan Penkovsky

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have highlighted the remarkable capabilities of neural network (NN)-powered systems on classical computers. However, these systems face significant computational challenges that limit scalability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Erik L. Connerty , Ethan N. Evans , Gerasimos Angelatos , Vignesh Narayanan

In recent years, quantum, quantum-inspired, and hybrid algorithms are increasingly showing promise for solving software engineering optimization problems. However, best-intended practices for conducting empirical studies have not yet well…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Man Zhang , Yuechen Li , Tao Yue , Kai-Yuan Cai

With the beginning of the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum neural network (QNN) has recently emerged as a solution for the problems that classical neural networks cannot solve. Moreover, QCNN is attracting attention as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Hankyul Baek , Won Joon Yun , Joongheon Kim

The emergence of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers has important consequences for cryptographic algorithms. It is theoretically well-established that key algorithms used in cybersecurity are vulnerable to quantum computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sahay Harshvardhan , Sanil Jain , James E. McClure , Caleb McIrvin , Ngoc Quy Tran

In quantum software engineering (QSE), quantum software testing (QST) has attracted increasing attention as quantum software systems grow in scale and complexity. Since QST evaluates quantum programs through execution under designed test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yuechen Li , Minqi Shao , Jianjun Zhao , Qichen Wang

As machine learning models grow increasingly competent, their predictions can supplement scarce or expensive data in various important domains. In support of this paradigm, algorithms have emerged to combine a small amount of high-fidelity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhun Deng , Thomas P Zollo , Benjamin Eyre , Amogh Inamdar , David Madras , Richard Zemel

The steady progress of quantum hardware is motivating the search for novel quantum algorithm optimization strategies for near-term, real-world applications. In this study, we propose a novel feature map optimization strategy for Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Roberto Moretti , Andrea Giachero , Voica Radescu , Michele Grossi

A kernel-based quantum classifier is the most practical and influential quantum machine learning technique for the hyper-linear classification of complex data. We propose a Variational Quantum Approximate Support Vector Machine (VQASVM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-02 Siheon Park , Daniel K. Park , June-Koo Kevin Rhee

Efficient suppression of errors without full error correction is crucial for applications with NISQ devices. Error mitigation allows us to suppress errors in extracting expectation values without the need for any error correction code, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Gideon Lee , Connor T. Hann , Shruti Puri , S. M. Girvin , Liang Jiang

Significant challenges remain with the development of macroscopic quantum computing, hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling, software problems of error correction, and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 James E. Steck , Nathan L. Thompson , Elizabeth C. Behrman

Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing devices offer opportunities to test the principles of quantum computing but are prone to errors arising from various sources of noise. Fluctuations in the noise itself lead to unstable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-21 Samudra Dasgupta , Travis S. Humble

Grover search is a renowned quantum search algorithm that leverages quantum superposition to find a marked item with quadratic speedup. However, when implemented on Noisy Intermediate-scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware, the required repeated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Chen-Yu Liu

Here we present qFlex, a flexible tensor network based quantum circuit simulator. qFlex can compute both exact amplitudes, essential for the verification of the quantum hardware, as well as low fidelity amplitudes, in order to mimic…

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computing (NISQ) has dominated headlines in recent years, with the longer-term vision of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation (FTQC) offering significant potential albeit at currently intractable resource…

The quest for effective quantum feature maps for data encoding presents significant challenges, particularly due to the flat training landscapes and lengthy training processes associated with parameterised quantum circuits. To address these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Yaswitha Gujju , Romain Harang , Chao Li , Tetsuo Shibuya , Qibin Zhao

Quantum resource analysis is crucial for designing quantum circuits as well as assessing the viability of arbitrary (error-corrected) quantum computations. To this end, we introduce QUANTIFY, which is an open-source framework for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Oumarou Oumarou , Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

The promise of quantum computing is closer to reality today than ever before, thanks to rapid progress in the development of quantum hardware. Even as qubit lifetimes and gate fidelities continue to improve, realizing robust, fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Vismay Joshi , Anubhab Rudra , Sourav Dutta , Siddharth Dhomkar , Prabha Mandayam

Near-term quantum computation holds potential across multiple application domains. However, imperfect preparation and evolution of states due to algorithmic and experimental shortcomings, characteristic in the near-term implementation,…

As quantum algorithms and hardware continue to evolve, ensuring the correctness of the quantum software stack (QSS) has become increasingly important. However, testing QSSes remains challenging due to the oracle problem, i.e., the lack of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junjie Luo , Shangzhou Xia , Fuyuan Zhang , Jianjun Zhao