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Generating safety-critical driving scenarios requires understanding why dangerous interactions arise, rather than merely forcing collisions. However, existing methods rely on heuristic adversarial agent selection and unstructured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bowen Jing , Ruiyang Hao , Weitao Zhou , Haibao Yu

This study presents a novel framework for counterfactual user behavior forecasting that combines structural causal models with transformer-based generative artificial intelligence. To model fictitious situations, the method creates causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Dharmateja Priyadarshi Uddandarao , Ravi Kiran Vadlamani

Energy markets exhibit complex causal relationships between weather patterns, generation technologies, and price formation, with regime changes occurring continuously rather than at discrete break points. Current approaches model…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-12 Dennis Thumm

The rising need for explainable deep neural network architectures has utilized semantic concepts as explainable units. Several approaches utilizing disentangled representation learning estimate the generative factors and utilize them as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sanchit Sinha , Guangzhi Xiong , Aidong Zhang

In this paper, we consider a wide class of time-varying multivariate causal processes which nests many classic and new examples as special cases. We first prove the existence of a weakly dependent stationary approximation for our model…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-06-02 Jiti Gao , Bin Peng , Wei Biao Wu , Yayi Yan

As an important problem in causal inference, we discuss the estimation of treatment effects (TEs). Representing the confounder as a latent variable, we propose Intact-VAE, a new variant of variational autoencoder (VAE), motivated by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-22 Pengzhou Wu , Kenji Fukumizu

Time series data is ubiquitous, with forecasting applications spanning from finance to healthcare. Beyond popular deterministic methods, generative models are gaining attention due to advancements in areas like image synthesis and video…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiawen Wei , Lan Jiang , Pengbo Wei , Ziwen Ye , Teng Song , Chen Chen , Guangrui Ma

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models with the salient ability to perform inference. Here, we introduce a quantum variational autoencoder (QVAE): a VAE whose latent generative process is implemented as a quantum…

Using deep latent variable models in causal inference has attracted considerable interest recently, but an essential open question is their ability to yield consistent causal estimates. While they have demonstrated promising results and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Severi Rissanen , Pekka Marttinen

Variational Autoencoders (VAE) are popular generative models used to sample from complex data distributions. Despite their empirical success in various machine learning tasks, significant gaps remain in understanding their theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-23 Sobihan Surendran , Antoine Godichon-Baggioni , Sylvain Le Corff

Learning disentanglement aims at finding a low dimensional representation which consists of multiple explanatory and generative factors of the observational data. The framework of variational autoencoder (VAE) is commonly used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mengyue Yang , Furui Liu , Zhitang Chen , Xinwei Shen , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang

Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting (PTSF) plays a crucial role in decision-making across various fields, including economics, energy, and transportation. Most existing methods excell at short-term forecasting, while overlooking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xingjian Wu , Xiangfei Qiu , Hongfan Gao , Jilin Hu , Bin Yang , Chenjuan Guo

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their strong zero-shot capabilities and widespread real-world applications. Such models typically require a computationally costly pre-training on…

Analyzing data from past clinical trials is part of the ongoing effort to optimize the design, implementation, and execution of new clinical trials and more efficiently bring life-saving interventions to market. While there have been recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Chufan Gao , Mandis Beigi , Afrah Shafquat , Jacob Aptekar , Jimeng Sun

Structural causal models are the basic modelling unit in Pearl's causal theory; in principle they allow us to solve counterfactuals, which are at the top rung of the ladder of causation. But they often contain latent variables that limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas

Generative modeling offers a promising solution to data scarcity and privacy challenges in time series analysis. However, the structural complexity of time series, characterized by multi-scale temporal patterns and heterogeneous components,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xiangyu Xu , Qingsong Zhong , Jilin Hu

There are many problems in physics, biology, and other natural sciences in which symbolic regression can provide valuable insights and discover new laws of nature. A widespread Deep Neural Networks do not provide interpretable solutions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Sergei Popov , Mikhail Lazarev , Vladislav Belavin , Denis Derkach , Andrey Ustyuzhanin

When dealing with time series data, causal inference methods often employ structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) processes to model time-evolving random systems. In this work, we rephrase recursive SVAR processes with possible latent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Nicolas-Domenic Reiter , Andreas Gerhardus , Jonas Wahl , Jakob Runge

The ability to generate physically plausible ensembles of variable sources is critical to the optimization of time-domain survey cadences and the training of classification models on datasets with few to no labels. Traditional data…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-19 Jorge Martínez-Palomera , Joshua S. Bloom , Ellianna S. Abrahams

In modern air traffic management, generating synthetic flight trajectories has emerged as a promising solution for addressing data scarcity, protecting sensitive information, and supporting large-scale analyses. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Abdulmajid Murad , Massimiliano Ruocco